Flashcards in Chapter 13 Deck (46)
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1
What is apraxia of speech (AOS)?
-neurologic speech disorder
-impaired ability to plan or program sensorimotor commands needed for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech
2
T/F AOS is synonymous with Broca's or non fluent aphasia
false; people with broca;s or nonfluent aphasia OFTEN have an accompanying AOS
3
T/F All sound level errors made by persons with aphasia are manifestations of AOS
false
4
T/F Ideomotor apraxia is the loss of ability to carry out motor plan for movements
true; AOS, limb apraxia, and nonverbal oral apraxia are subtypes of this form of apraxia
5
Where is the brain damage located for someone with AOS?
left frontal lobe, especially if damage is near Broca's area
6
Where is the motor speech programmer located in the brain?
left cerebral hemisphere, especially parietal-frontal
7
Describe what nonverbal (nonspeech) oral apraxia (NVOA) is
the inability to imitate or follow commands to perform volitional movements of speech structures (cough, blow, click tongue)
8
NVOA cannot be attributed to... (3 things)
poor a/c
sensory deficits
neuromuscular deficits
9
T/F someone with NVOA is able to do voluntary, but not involuntary movements
false; can do involuntary, not voluntary
10
What is the most common etiology for AOS?
left hemisphere stroke
11
T/F a patient with AOS will usually complain of chewing or swallowing difficulties
false
12
What should someone with AOS also be screened for?
aphasia
13
T/F If no dysarthria is present, then chewing/swallowing functions may be entirely normal
true
14
Name 3 perceptually salient characteristics of AOS
consonant and vowel distortions
slow overall rate
prosodic abnormalities
15
Describe the hierarchy of difficulty for phonemes from easiest to most difficult
easiest- vowels, semivowels /r/ and /l/, glides, nasals
more difficult- plosives, fricatives, affricates
most difficult- clusters of consonants
16
T/F there will be fewer errors in producing singe words, and more errors in production of phrases and sentences
true
17
What assessment could be used to measure intelligibility?
Word Intelligibility test, ABA
18
What are some major goals of treatment?
-help with reorganization of internal circuits for motor planning for speech
-help patient be able to access stored patterns and sequences for speech
-emphasize movement and coordination of articulators in meaningful speech tasks
19
Name the two broad avenues of treatment
Intrasystemic reorganization and intersystemic reorganization
20
integral stimulation
ask patient to watch, listen and do it with you
21
Multiple input phoneme therapy
-for severely apraxic patient
-begin with patient's stereotype
-repetitions of stereotypey become varients of stereotypy and move up a hierarchy
22
Sound production treatment
-aka minimal contrast treatment
-uses repetition, integral stimulation, modeling, phonetic placement cues, feedback to facilitate consonant production
-determine stimuli based on error patterns
23
Voluntary control of involuntary utterances (Helm-Estabrook)
-for patient with nonfluent aphasia, moderate preserved comprehension
-identify any real words used
-use word in an oral reading task
-create list of words used involuntary, even those based on errors
24
Melodic intonation therapy
-exploits melodic abilities of right hemisphere in nonfluent aphasic persons (severe)
-incorporates integral stimulation, repetition, gradual fading of cues, enforced delays
-need relatively preserved comprehension and self-monitoring skills
25
How can you help with apraxia of phonation (muteness)
-shape from a yawn, grunt, or cough
-quick push on abdomen while mouth is open
-providing tactile cues to surface of larynx with clinician's hand
-pairing symbolic gesture with word
26
What is anarthria?
speechlessness due to severe loss of neuromuscular control over speech
27
T/F Individuals with anarthria do not speak because they don't want to speak
false; because they cannot speak
28
T/F flaccid dysarthria almost always leads to anarthria
false; flaccid dysarthria alone seldom leads to anarthria
29
What type of dysarthrias are the most likely reasons for anarthria?
spastic and hypokinetic
30
