Chapter 7 & 8 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?
Rigidity, reduced force and ROM, slow individual but occasional fast repetitive movements
What is the significant issue with hypokinetic dysarthria?
decreased ROM
Presence of hypokinetic dysarthria is associated with _______ pathology
basal ganglia
What is a unique symptom of hypokinetic dysarthria?
increased rate of speech
T/F hypokinetic dysarthria is the only dysarthria in which most cases is caused from parkinsonism
true
Parkinson’s Disease responds to what kind of therapy?
dopamine replacement therapy
What would be complaints of patient’s with hypokinetic dysarthria?
- deny or minimize changes in voice
- “hard to get speech started”
- “stutter”
- fatigue
- variation in speech during medication cycle
- drooling/swallowing complaints
- stiff upper lip
T/F Hypokinetic dysarthria is the only dysarthria associated with rapid repetitive rate of speech (with subsequent, reduced intelligibility)
true
T/F All subsystems of speech are affected by hypokinetic dysarthria, especially respiration and articulation
false; voice, articulation, and prosody are affected the most
Name some characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease
- masked faces
- tremors
- slow movement
- statue-like appearance/frozen
- difficulty initiating movement (throwing the book example)
- festination (fast, shuffling gait)
- depression
- spirantization
Define spirantization
replacement of stop with low intensity friction sound (example /d/ to /z/)
What area(s) of speech are impacted the most with hyperkinetic dysarthria?
prosody
Name some characteristics of involuntary movement for hyperkinetic dysarthria
abnormal, rhythmic or irregular/unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movements
What is a subtype for hyperkinetic dysarthria?
dystonia- problems with sensorimotor integration for speech motor control
Presence of hyperkinetic dysarthria is associated with _______ or ______ pathology
basal ganglia or cerebellar control circuit
What is the function for the basal ganglia control circuit?
circuitry opens the gates to intended movements and closing gates to competing or unwanted movements, and preventing “locking up” of movement
List some clinical characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria
- abnormal involuntary movements that occur during rest, static postures, and voluntary movement
- slower to develop, sustained for seconds, or prolonged to a degree that distorts posture
T/F abnormal involuntary movements for hyperkinetic dysarthria are exacerbated by sleep and abolished by anxiety and heightened emotions
false; abolished by sleep and exacerbated by anxiety and heightened emotions
T/F All patients with hyperkinetic dysarthria are aware of their abnormal movements
false; some are not aware
How is speech impacted with hyperkinetic dysarthria?
slurred, slow, halting or hard to get out
What is Myoclonus?
lightening like jerks, signle repititve jerks
Chorea?
rapid, purposeless movements
Ballismus?
large flailing movements (often associated with poor phonation)
Dystonia?
a disorder in which improper electrical signaling from the brain causes muscles to tighten and twist involuntarily
