Flashcards in Chapter 7 & 8 Deck (29)
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1
What are the characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?
Rigidity, reduced force and ROM, slow individual but occasional fast repetitive movements
2
What is the significant issue with hypokinetic dysarthria?
decreased ROM
3
Presence of hypokinetic dysarthria is associated with _______ pathology
basal ganglia
4
What is a unique symptom of hypokinetic dysarthria?
increased rate of speech
5
T/F hypokinetic dysarthria is the only dysarthria in which most cases is caused from parkinsonism
true
6
Parkinson's Disease responds to what kind of therapy?
dopamine replacement therapy
7
What would be complaints of patient's with hypokinetic dysarthria?
-deny or minimize changes in voice
-"hard to get speech started"
-"stutter"
-fatigue
-variation in speech during medication cycle
-drooling/swallowing complaints
-stiff upper lip
8
T/F Hypokinetic dysarthria is the only dysarthria associated with rapid repetitive rate of speech (with subsequent, reduced intelligibility)
true
9
T/F All subsystems of speech are affected by hypokinetic dysarthria, especially respiration and articulation
false; voice, articulation, and prosody are affected the most
10
Name some characteristics of Parkinson's Disease
-masked faces
-tremors
-slow movement
-statue-like appearance/frozen
-difficulty initiating movement (throwing the book example)
-festination (fast, shuffling gait)
-depression
-spirantization
11
Define spirantization
replacement of stop with low intensity friction sound (example /d/ to /z/)
12
What area(s) of speech are impacted the most with hyperkinetic dysarthria?
prosody
13
Name some characteristics of involuntary movement for hyperkinetic dysarthria
abnormal, rhythmic or irregular/unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movements
14
What is a subtype for hyperkinetic dysarthria?
dystonia- problems with sensorimotor integration for speech motor control
15
Presence of hyperkinetic dysarthria is associated with _______ or ______ pathology
basal ganglia or cerebellar control circuit
16
What is the function for the basal ganglia control circuit?
circuitry opens the gates to intended movements and closing gates to competing or unwanted movements, and preventing “locking up” of movement
17
List some clinical characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria
-abnormal involuntary movements that occur during rest, static postures, and voluntary movement
-slower to develop, sustained for seconds, or prolonged to a degree that distorts posture
18
T/F abnormal involuntary movements for hyperkinetic dysarthria are exacerbated by sleep and abolished by anxiety and heightened emotions
false; abolished by sleep and exacerbated by anxiety and heightened emotions
19
T/F All patients with hyperkinetic dysarthria are aware of their abnormal movements
false; some are not aware
20
How is speech impacted with hyperkinetic dysarthria?
slurred, slow, halting or hard to get out
21
What is Myoclonus?
lightening like jerks, signle repititve jerks
22
Chorea?
rapid, purposeless movements
23
Ballismus?
large flailing movements (often associated with poor phonation)
24
Dystonia?
a disorder in which improper electrical signaling from the brain causes muscles to tighten and twist involuntarily
25
Parkinsonism?
Pt displays clinical signs of disease without same etiology
26
T/F Parkinsonism does not respond well to medications
true
27
T/F Chewing and swallowing issues are uncommon for hyperkinetic dysarthria
false; it is common
28
What is the hallmark of hypokinetic dysarthria?
reduced range of movement underlies the hypokinesia causing the dysarthria
29
