Chapter 13- Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

Chemicals secretes by glands and specialized cells of the endocrine system
30 hormone genes

Question 2

Steroid hormones

Answer 2

Synthesized from cholesterol
Male and female sex hormones, aldosterone
Easily pass through a cell membrane and triggers synthesis of new proteins

Question 3

Nonsteroid hormones

Answer 3

Protein based hormones
Synthesized from amino acids
Further divide into:
Protein hormones(insulin)
Peptide hormones(antidiuretic hormone)
Amino acid hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Bind to receptors on cell surface, activates second receptor which activates a specific enzyme which causes a reaction

Question 4

Anterior pituitary

Answer 4

Tropic hormones

Stimulate other endocrine cells to release hormones

Question 5

Growth hormone

Answer 5

Anterior
GH
Growth and repair of tissue through breakdown of proteins and fat

Question 6

Prolactin

Answer 6

Anterior
PRL
Milk secretion

Question 7

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 7

Anterior
TSH
Growth of thyroid and secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 8

Anterior
ACTH
Growth and secretion of corticosteroids by adrenal gland

Question 9

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 9

Anterior
FSH
Growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
Sperm production

Question 10

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 10

Anterior
LH
Ovulation and sperm secretion

Question 11

Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 11

Stores hormones

Question 12

Antidiuretic

Answer 12

Posterior
ADH
Water retention

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

Posterior
OT
Uterine contractions, secretion of milk

Question 14

Pineal gland

Answer 14

Behind thalamus

Produces melatonin

Question 15

Thymus

Answer 15

Secretes thymosin and thymopoietin
Developers of the immune system
Lies just beneath the sternum

Question 16

Thyroid gland

Answer 16

Larges endocrine gland
Two large loves connected by a narrow tissue (isthmus)
Can store hormones for later use
Calcitonin, T3 & T4 (rate of metabolism)

Question 17

Parathyroid glands

Answer 17

Posterior surface of the thyroid

PTH in response to low blood calcium levels

Question 18

Pancreas

Answer 18

Acts as both endocrine and exocrine glands

Question 19

Gonads

Answer 19

Testes-testosterone

Ovaries- estrogen (female characteristics), progesterone(uterine lining for pregnancy)

Question 20

Lymphatic function

Answer 20

Maintenance of fluid balance- absorbs leftover fluid that seeps out of capillaries
Absorption of fats- absorb fats and fats soluble vitamins
Immunity- lymph removes cellular waste, microorganisms, and foreign particles

Question 21

Spleen

Answer 21

Fist sized
Body’s largest lymphatic organ
Immunity- white pulp screens blood for antigens
Destruction of old red blood cells- digest old cells and return iron and globin to bone marrow and liver for future use
Blood storage- stores 20%-30% of the body’s platelets
Hematopoiesis- produces red blood cells in the fetus