Chapter 4- microbiome

Question 1

Micro biome

Answer 1

A collection of microorganisms residing within distinct communities on and in the human body

Question 2

How much dna is shared between humans

Answer 2

99% but no two humans have the same micobiome

Question 3

Micro biome are built when

Answer 3

The first step and building a micro biome occurs before birth

Question 4

Stages of microbiome development

Answer 4

In utero-placenta
Birth-birth canal
First year-breast feeding
Second year-solid foods
2-5 yrs- resembles adult
Adulthood-altered food, antibiotics, environment
Old age- decreased diversity

Question 5

Components of the microbiome

Answer 5

Bacteria (majority)
Viruses
Fungi
Archaea

Question 6

Boosting the microbiome

Answer 6

• Consumption of high fiber, plant based diet
• eating food rich in polyphenols( blackberry, green tea, dark chocolate, red wine)
• probiotics
• prebiotics(bananas, apples)
• fermented foods
• exercise
• spending time outdoors
• avoid unnecessary antibiotics

Question 6

Threats to microbiome

Answer 6

• high fat/sugar diet
• stress (maternal, early life, psychological stress) makes the gut more susceptible to unwanted bacteria. These trigger an immune response that depletes the biome of beneficial bacteria
• smoking
• air pollution
• sedentary lifestyle
• over use if sanitizing products
• invasion of disease causing bacteria