Flashcards in Chapter 13 Nuclear Reactions Deck (19):
1
Involves changes in the nucleus of the atom
Nuclear Reactions
2
Spontaneous emission or energy from an unstable nucleus
Discovered by Becquerel
Natural Radioactivity
3
Binds protons and neutrons
Short ranged
Strong Nuclear Force
4
Maximum stability for nucleon number = 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126
Nuclear Shell Mode
5
Atomic number > 83
Unstable
6
Expulsion of helium nucleus
Least penetrating: stopped by paper
Alpha emission
7
Expulsion of an electron
More penetrating: 1cm of aluminum
Beta emission
8
Emission of a high-energy photon
Most penetrating: 5cm of lead
Gamma Decay
9
Time required for 1/2 of a radioactive sample to decay
U-238 decay series
Half-Life
10
Detect ions produces by radiation
Ionization counters
11
Rely on flashes of light
Zinc Sulfide
Scintillation counters
12
DNA disruption
Free radical production
Consequences of radiation exposure
13
Difference of between masses of reactants and products
Mass Defect
14
Energy required to break a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons
Binding energy
15
Heavy nuclei splitting into light ones
Sufficient mass and concentration to produce a chain reaction
Nuclear Fission
16
Rely on controlled fission chain reactions
Contains fuel rods
Nuclear power plants
17
Less massive nuclei
Energy source for sun and other stars
Need high temperature, high density, sufficient confinement time
Nuclear Fusion
18
Incredibly hot, dense, primordial plasma cools
Continued cooling leads to hydrogen atoms
Big Bang Theory
19