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Introduction to Psychology > Chapter 13: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

Consists of characteristic thoughts, emotional reactions and behaviour

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2
Q

What is a personality trait?

A

A pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviour that is relatively consistent over time and in different situations

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3
Q

What is temperament?

A

Certain tendencies to behave in a certain way

Temperament is broader than character traits and concerns innate biological structures of personality

Temperament is also more stable and less changeable by events than personality traits

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4
Q

What are the 3 basic characteristics of temperament?

A

Activity level

Emotionality

Degree of being social

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5
Q

Activity level

A

The amount of energy and behaviour a person exhibits

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6
Q

Emotionality

A

Intensity of emotional reactions

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7
Q

Degree of being social

A

Sociability, tendency to interact with others

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8
Q

Why part of the brain influence the degree of shyness?

A

Amygdala

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9
Q

Who is the founder of psychodynamic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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10
Q

What did Sigmund Freud believe about consciousness?

A

Conscious was only a small part of human activity

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of Sigmund Freud’s consciousness iceberg?

A

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconscious

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12
Q

Conscious level

A

The thoughts people are aware of

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13
Q

Preconscious level

A

Consists of thoughts that could be made conscious (equivalent to long term memory)

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14
Q

Unconscious level

A

Consists of material the mind cannot easily retrieve (think hidden memories, wishes, desires and motives)

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15
Q

Freud divided the conflicting forces in humans into three parts. What are they?

A

Id

Ego

Superego

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16
Q

What is the id?

A

The most primitive system and behaves according to the pleasure principle

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17
Q

What is the pleasure principle?

A
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18
Q

What is the ego?

A

Makes an attempt to reconcile reality and desire

It tries to satisfy the id but also to remain pragmatic

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19
Q

What is the superego?

A

The conscience and develops reactions patterns arising form the ego

It control by punishing with guilt and rewarding with feelings of pride

20
Q

What do conflicts between id and superego lead to?

A

Lead to fears

21
Q

The ego deals with the fears though defence mechanisms. What is that?

A

These are unconscious mental strategies used to protect the mind from stress

22
Q

What are common defence mechanisms?

A

Displacement

Reaction formation

Denial

Repression

Projection

Rationalisation

Sublimation

23
Q

Displacement

A

An impulse that is blocked in one place will have to express itself in another way

A child who is angry with his parents will not direct her anger at them, but scream into a pillow

24
Q

Reaction formation

A

A defence mechanism in which a forbidden impulse turn into an opposing action

25
Q

Detail

A

Not acknoldegin the source of the fear

26
Q

Repression

A

Placing the source of fear outside consciousness

27
Q

Projection

A

Attributing unacceptable characteristics of oneself to another

28
Q

Rationalisation

A

Making up a seemingly logical explanation or excuse for behaviour that one is otherwise ashamed of

29
Q

Sublimation

A

Turning socially unacceptable impulses into constructive or even admirable behaviour (eg: sadist become a surgeon)

30
Q

What were Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages?

A

Oral phase (0-18 months)

Anal phase (19-36 months)

Phallic phase (3-5 years)

Latent stage (6-12 years)

Genital phase (12+ years)

31
Q

Oral phase

A

Life revolves mainly around satisfying hunger and thirst

The mouth is therefore the organ through which the child learns

32
Q

Anal phase

A

Life is mainly dominated by learning to control the anal sphincter, which means that faeces is central

The child learns that this involves pleasures and burdens

33
Q

Phallic phase

A

Life is mainly dominated by pleasure in a more general sense

The child discovers the genitals and that touching the genitals is pleasurable, although this is usually without sexual intentions

34
Q

Latent stage

A

Life revolves around steady growth and development

There are no clearly discernible conflicts here

35
Q

Genital phase

A

Life is about sexual maturity

There is genital organisation of libido

Reproduction is possible

36
Q

What did Skinner believe about personality?

A

That personality was the result of internal processes

37
Q

What did behaviourists believe about personality?

A

A learned responses to patterns or rewards

Also speculated that it is determined by how people differ in their locus of control

38
Q

What is the humanist approach?

A

Emphasis of personal experience, the uniqueness and goodness of human beings

It assumes self actualisation

Assumes that people want to realise their potential

39
Q

What is self actualisation?

A

A process that stated that people seek to fulfil their potential for perusal growth by understanding themselves better

40
Q

According to humanism, it is important for parents to raise their children with unconditional positive regard. What is that?

A

Means that parents accept their children no matter how they behave

41
Q

What are the 5 factor theory of personality from Cattel, Eysenck?

A

Extraversion

Neuroticism

Friendliness

Conscientiousness

Openness to experiences

42
Q

What are the two main dimensions from biological character theory?

A

Introversion/extraversion

Emotional stability

43
Q

What is the third dimension added to the biological character theory?

A

Psychoticism

44
Q

What is psychoticism?

A

A mix of aggression, poor impulse control, self cent redness and lack of empathy

45
Q
A

Introduction to Psychology (10 decks)

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