Chapter 13 Respiratory Flashcards
(20 cards)
4 steps of respiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries
- transport of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues
What is the respiratory system?
intimately associated with the circulatory system, responsible for taking up oxygen from the environment and delivering it to the blood, eliminating carbon dioxide from the blood
Where are clots formed?
Veinous side- blood moves slower which allows time for clot to form
Functions of the respiratory system
- provides oxygen to blood
- eliminates CO2 from blood
- regulates blood’s pH in coordination with kidneys
- phonation
- defends against inhaled microbes
- influences arterial concentrations of chemical messengers by removing some from pulmonary capillary blood and producing and adding others to this blood
- traps and dissolves blood clots arising from systemic veins such as those in the legs
Structures that comprise the airways
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Conducting Zone
top of trachea to end of terminal bronchioles, does NOT exchange gases with blood, defends against microbes, low-resistance pathway, warms and moistens air, sound production
Respiratory Zone
respiratory bronchioles down, region where alveoli exchange gases with the blood
Ciliary Mucous Escalator
keeps lungs moist, traps bad things to be expelled
Site of gas exchange
Alveoli
Type 1 alveolar cells
once cell thick, flat epithelial, line air-facing surfaces of wall, most abundant
Type 2 alveolar cells
interspersed between type 1 cells, produce surfactant
Pleural sac
completely closed sac that surrounds lung, made of thin sheet of cells called pleura
Visceral pleura
coats lung
Parietal pleura
lines interior thoracic wall and diaphragm
Ventilation
exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli
F = deltaP/R
Boyle’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
Transpulmonary pressure
difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the lung
Transmural pressure
pressure inside the structure minus the pressure outside the structure
Lung compliance
the magnitude of the change in lung volume produced by a given change in the transpulmonary pressure
Surfactant
detergent-like substance secreted by type 2 alveolar cells, reduces cohesive forces between water molecules on alveolar surface, lowers surface tension which increases lung compliance
