Chapter 13: Skin, Neck and Face (including regional lymphatics) Flashcards
(54 cards)
Cranial Bones
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
2 pairs of salivary glands are accessible to examination on the face
Parotid glands are in cheeks over mandible, anterior to and below ear; the largest of salivary glands, they are not normally palpable
Submandibular glands beneath mandible at angle of jaw
Structures of the head
Cranial bones Sutures Facial bones Facial muscles Salivary glands
Internal carotid branches off wearing and supplies what?
Branches off common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain
External carotid supplies what?
face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area
Cranial Nerve XI
Innervates major neck muscles sternomastoid and trapezius
Sternomastoid
enables head rotation and flexion and divides each side of neck into two triangles: anterior and posterior triangles
Thyroid gland
Synthesizes and secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are hormones that stimulate rate of cellular metabolism
Thyroid gland location
an important endocrine gland straddles trachea in middle of the neck
The gland has two lobes, connected in middle by a thin isthmus and above that by the cricoid cartilage or upper tracheal ring
What are you looking for when you are looking at the thyroid, trachea, carotid arteries and lymph nodes
Thyroid gland: looking for right size, no tenderness
Trachea: central
Carotid arteries: palpable, even pulse, strength of pulse
Lymph nodes: no swollen, not palpable (sometimes there is one in children)
Lymphatic system function
extensive vessel system, is major part of immune system, which detects and eliminates foreign substances from body
Where is the greatest supply of the lymph nodes?
Head and Neck and Breasts
Nodes are small, oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph and engulf pathogens, preventing potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation
Locations and names of lymph nodes
- Preauricular, in front of ear
- Posterior auricular (mastoid), superficial to mastoid process
- Occipital, at base of skull
- Submental, midline, behind tip of mandible
- Submandibular, halfway between angle and tip of mandible
- Jugulodigastric, under angle of mandible
- Superficial cervical, overlying sternomastoid muscle
- Deep cervical, deep under sternomastoid muscle
- Posterior cervical, in posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle
- Supraclavicular, just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle
Where do lymph nodes drain to?
Cervical chain
Cephalohematoma
is when there’s bleeding in the brain on one side (it doesn’t pass the suture lines) that leads to a collection of blood shaping the head, but the breakdown of blood vessels can lead to jaundice.
Caput Succadaneum
general fluid buildup, usually more dispersed
When do babies have control of their head?
at 3 - 4 months
Is head or chest larger for newborn at birth
Head is bigger
Pregnant woman consideration with thyroid
Thyroid gland is slightly enlarged during pregnancy as a result of hyperplasia of the tissue
Aging adult consideration with skin and face
Facial bones and orbits appear more prominent
Facial skin sags as a result of decreased elasticity, decreased subcutaneous fat and decreased moisture in the skin
Palpebral Fissures
opening between top and bottom eyelids
Nasolabial folds
Smile lines
How to palpate temporomandibular joint
As the person opens the mouth, and note normally smooth movement with no limitation or tenderness
Cranial nerve XI
spinal accessory
