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Health Assessment Exam 1 > Chapters 12: Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Chapters 12: Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer highly differentiated layer composed of basal cell layer that forms new skin cells and outer horny cell layer of dead keratinized cells

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Inner supportive layer made up of connective tissue or collagen and elastic tissue

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3
Q

Function of the skin

A

Protection, Prevents penetration, Perception, Temperature regulations, Identification, Communication, Wound repair, Absorption and excretion, Production of Vitamin D

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4
Q

What can you tell from just looking at skin?

A

Hydration, Bruises, Scar, Liver issues, Age, Wight gain/loss, Sweating, Oxygenation

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5
Q

What can you tell from just looking at hair?

A

Grooming and hygiene, Nutritional status, Age based on graying, Genetics (i.e balding or early graying)

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6
Q

What can you tell from nails?

A

Cap refill, Clubbing from chronic hypoxia

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a protective lipid substance called sebum (everywhere except palms and soles)

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8
Q

Sweat glands (2 TYPES)

A

Eccrine: coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface, produce a dilute saline saline called sweat
Apocrine: Produce a thick, milky secretions and open into the hair follicles (active during puberty)

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9
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine hairs on a newborn infant

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10
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

Thick cheesy substance made of sebum and shed epithelial cells

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11
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Darker discolored spots on an infant (hyperpigmentation on darker skinned babies)

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12
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A

Rash on infants (almost looks like chicken pox)

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13
Q

Milia

A

A cyst, a small, white bump that typically appears on the nose and cheeks

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14
Q

Stork bites

A

A common type of birth mark seen in a new born

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15
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Bluish or purple coloring of the hands and feet caused by slow circulation

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16
Q

Physiologic Jaundice

A

Happens in a newborn 3-4 days after they are born and can disappera

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17
Q

Pathological Jaundice

A

Happens when baby is born

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18
Q

Ineffective thermoregulation in babies

A

Babies can’t shiver, make sure babies are swaddles

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19
Q

Carotenemia

A

yellow pigmentation of the skin (xanthoderma) and increased beta-carotene levels in the blood

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20
Q

Striae Gravidarum

A

Stretch marks

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21
Q

Chloasma

A

Changes pigmentation in face

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22
Q

Linea Nigra

A

Dark line down the abdomen

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23
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Redness in palms of hands

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24
Q

Vascular spider

A

Tiny veins

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25
What to keep in mind with changes in adolescents
Sebaceous gland secretions increase, secondary sex characteristics, subcutaneous fat deposits increase
26
Senile purpura
Mild trauma leading to dark red discoloration spots
27
Keloids
Scars tat form at the site of a wound and grow beyond normal boundaries of wound
28
Pigmentary disorders
Dark or light spots
29
Pseudofolliculitis
razor bumps or ingrown hairs caused by shaving too closely with an electric or straight razor
30
Melasma
patchy tan to dark brown discoloration of the face “the mask of pregnancy”
31
Diaphoresis vs Dehydration
``` Diaphoresis = excess water Dehydration = not enough water ```
32
Reasons for edema
Due to cardiac problem, kidney disorder/disfunction, localized injury
33
What causes Jaundice
Increased serum bilirubin
34
Polycythemia
Increased red blood cells, capillary stasis
35
Carotemia
Inc. serum carotene from ingestion of large amounts of carotene rich foods
36
Café au lait spots
Caused by increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer
37
Pitting edema scale
``` 1+ = 2mm depth 2+ = 4 mm depth 3+ = 6 mm depth 4+ = 8mm depth ```
38
Pressure ulcer stages
Stage 1: intact skin with non blanchable redness of a localized area Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of dermia presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a res pink wound bed, without slough Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss, Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscles are not exposed. Maybe slough Stage 4: Full thickeness tissue loss with exposed tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present
39
Braden scale rating
``` 9 or less = very high risk of pressure ulcer 10 - 12 = high risk 13 - 14 = Moderate risk 15 - 18 = Mild risk 19 - 23 = Generally not at risk ```
40
ABCDE Skin Assessment
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation/evolution
41
Annular or circular
circular spots, beginning in center and spreads to periphery (ringworm)
42
Confluent
abnormal shaped lesions that are spread out and touching (hives)
43
Discrete
small dots distinct and individual ( skin tags, acne, acrochordon)
44
Grouped
a cluster of lesions (contact dermatitis)
45
Gyrate
large, twisted and snake looking
46
Target or iris
Almost ringworm looking, raised on outer ring (Lyme Disease)
47
Linear
a scratch or streak
48
Zosteriform
bumps in a linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster- Shingles)
49
Polycyclic
annular lesions grow together (psoriasis)
50
Macules
Dark spots almost like freckles, flat
51
Papules
Raised discolored spots (mole)
52
Patches
macules that are larger than 1 cm (mongolian spots)
53
Plaques
papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm (psoriasis)
54
Nodules
Extremely elevated bumps that are discolored
55
Wheals
Spread out inflammation of the skin thats slightly elevated, not specifically round, usually misshapen (mosquito bite, allergic reaction)
56
Tumors
Larger than a few cm in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis (lipoma, hemangioma)
57
Urticaria
Hives
58
Vessicles
Little bumps filled with clear fluid (chicken pox)
59
Cysts
Filled with cloudy white liquid
60
Bullas
Large bumps filled with fluid (a larger vesicle)
61
Pustules
filled with pus (pimples)
62
Crusts
Scab like
63
Scales
Dry patch of skin, feels like sandpaper
64
Fissures
Tear in the skin (Cheilosis - at corners of mouth caused by excess moisture; athletes foot)
65
Erosions
gradual breakdown of the epidermis, moist but no bleeding, heals without scar
66
Ulcers
Deep breakdown of the skin into dermis and below (pressure sore, chancre)
67
Excoriations
Self-inflicted abrasions like a bug bite, dermatitis, scabies, varicella
68
Scars
What is left after lesion is repaired, connective tissue, permanent fibrotic change
69
Lichenification
Prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules
70
Purpuric lesions
Petechiae and Purpura

Health Assessment Exam 1 (6 decks)

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