chapter 13: technology

Question 1

the material artifacts or tool we use to enhance and improve our everyday lives or the world around us

Answer 1

technology

Question 2

the various devices, instruments, and therapies used for diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative, preventive, or experimental purposes as well as the practice and procedures associated with them

Answer 2

medical technologies

Question 3

the practice of medicine that is heavily dependent on technological devices and advancements

Answer 3

technomedicine

Question 4

medical gaze

Answer 4

a term introduced by French scholar Michel Foucault, describing a philosophy of health and illness that focuses on objective physical symptoms instead of patients’ subjective experiences. technologies contribute to the medical gaze by allowing doctors to observe symptoms without any patient input, thus “bypassing” the patient

Question 5

views technology as a dominant, independent, uncontrollable force in society, with its own free will and logic

Answer 5

technological determinism

Question 6

critics of technological determinism

Answer 6

suggest that problems only became medicalized after the invention of the technologies used to treat these conditions

Question 7

the idea that industry can use technology to gain undue influence in medicine

Answer 7

medical-industrial complex

Question 8

a sociological perspective stating that the characteristics of an object are determined by social perception and society as a whole

Answer 8

social essentialism

Question 9

argue that technology’s moral value comes from its context. technology in the health care field is only one aspect of a broader network of the health care system, and its value comes in the value of its position in this framework

Answer 9

technology-in-practice

Question 10

the notion that technology shapes the entirety of the patient-carer relationship

Answer 10

technogovernance

Question 11

a sense of belonging within a group of individuals with a shared biological trait, regardless of geographical location. these groups may engage in biomedical activism

Answer 11

biological citizenship

Question 12

wherein biomedical classifications are deeply integrated into one’s sense of self

Answer 12

technoscientific identities

Question 13

medicine not only focusing on curing disease but also on reducing health risks and optimizing wellbeing

Answer 13

biomedicalization

Question 14

what Foucault describe as a new mode of perception related to spatialization of illness

Answer 14

“anatomo-clinical medicine”

Question 15

occurred in the two-dimensional form of classificatory tables of disease, these classifications provided a way of seeing the relations among diseases based on the similarity of their symptoms and signs

Answer 15

primary spatialization of illness

Question 16

occurs as physicians began to locate abnormalities within the three-dimensional space of the body

Answer 16

second spatialization

Question 17

occurred with the reorganization of hospitals as teaching and healing institutions

Answer 17

third spatialization

Question 18

observing the entire population medically to dictate what constitutes normal health, and categorizing individuals accordingly

Answer 18

surveillance gaze

Question 19

observing health at a microscopic, molecular level

Answer 19

molecular gaze

Question 20

a digital version of a patient’s paper chart, patient-centred records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users

Answer 20

electronic medical record (EMR)

Question 21

a not-for-profit research institute that applies the study of health informatics for health services research and population-wide health outcome research in ON, CA

Answer 21

ICES

Question 22

the study of how often disease or conditions occur in different groups of people and why

Answer 22

epidemiology

Question 23

professionals concerned with how disease affect society as a whole

Answer 23

epidemiologists

Question 24

the official system of assigning codes to diagnoses and procedures associated with hospital use, allows the recording, analysis, interpretation and comparison of mortality and morbidity data collected in different countries or regions at different times

Answer 24

the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) based on the WHO

Question 25

key concept of western biomedicine

Answer 25

• disease classifications
• abnormalities within the body
• reorganization of hospitals

Question 26

the spread of misinformation

Answer 26

can be spread intentionally to serve a malicious purpose, such as to trick people into believing something for financial gain or political advantage (disinformation)

Question 27

a guide to spotting fake science

Answer 27

F eel/emotion
A uthor
L anguage
S ource
E xculsive/Secret
C laim
A genda
S cheme/Conspirary
E verything is Cured