chapter 7: globalization and health

Question 1

the process by which countries, people, and corporations are brought into closer contact with one another (easily travel and exchange ideas, money, and resources)

Answer 1

globalization

Question 2

the process by which the entire planet is experienced and conceptualized as a single social space

Answer 2

globality

Question 3

a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer, it includes different activities, people, entities, information, and resources

Answer 3

supply chain

Question 4

globalization was first introduced as a term that

Answer 4

describes companies who were moving beyond regional, national, and international borders for conducting business, it encourages each country to specialize in what it produces best using the least amount of resources, known as comparative advantage

Question 5

an interdisciplinary branch of the social sciences that focuses on the interrelationship between political and economic systems

Answer 5

global political economy

Question 6

when did global political economy emerge

Answer 6

first studies in the 1700s as a means to understand the interdependent relationship between politics and economy (determining how the state and the market are intertwined at any given time)

Question 7

a theory of political economy derived from liberalism, emphasized capitalism, individual health, and private property. markets are inherently good, self regulating, and necessary. government interventions, such as taxes or redistributive processes for wealth, are not encouraged

Answer 7

neoliberalism

Question 8

an economic system based on supply and demand with little or no government control

Answer 8

free market

Question 9

an economic system characterized by private ownership in which the free market alone controls the production of goods and services

Answer 9

capitalism

Question 10

the belief that countries will prosper by participating in the world economy and allowing global economics to influence domestic economies (buy and sell without any external interference)

Answer 10

free market capitalism

Question 11

what are the cons of free market capitalism

Answer 11

• frequently disadvantages poorer countries by creating more poverty and inequality
• many countries participate under unfavourable conditions
• the need for global corporations to realize a profit often comes at the expense of the most vulnerable

Question 12

the PMPRB

Answer 12

protects and informs Canadians by ensuring that the prices of patented medicines sold in Canada are not excessive and by reporting pharmaceutical trends (a regulator)

Question 13

everyone should have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without suffering financial hardship

Answer 13

the right to health

Question 14

5 points of the right to health

Answer 14

• the right to health is an inclusive right (safe water, food, shelter, healthy environmental conditions, education, gender equality)
• the right to health contains freedoms (free from non-consensual medical treatment)
• the right to health contains entitlements, which includes the right to prevention, treatment and control of diseases, access to essential medicines, maternal child and reproductive health, and equal and timely access to basic health services
• health services, goods and facilities must be provided to all without any discrimination
• all services, goods and facilities must be available, accessible, acceptable and of good quality

Question 15

emphasizes that health is a basic human right for all people around the globe and believes that violates of this right demand a global response

Answer 15

global humanitarianism

Question 16

humanitarian crises can be grouped under what three groups

Answer 16

• natural disasters (geophysical, hydrological, climatological, meteorological, biological
• man-made emergencies (armed conflicts, plane and train crashes, fires and industrial accidents)
• complex emergencies (a combination of natural and man-made elements like food insecurity, displaced populations)

Question 17

WHO identified what three key factors related to aid

Answer 17

• displacement (people who have been forced from their homes)
• chronic food insecurity (insecure or inadequate access to food because of financial constraints)
• malnutrition (deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization

Question 18

international groups providing aid examples

Answer 18

• international committee of red cross
• doctors without borders (MSF)
• world vision
• united nations international children’s emergency fund (UNICEF)

Question 19

Theodore Levitt

Answer 19

credited for the use of the term “globalization”, in 1983, he identified that many corporations were moving beyond conventional regional, national, and even multinational boundaries that regulate economic activity (single global market for the buying and selling of goods and services)

Question 20

what does globalization mean from a critical social science perspective

Answer 20

series of related complex and dynamic processes

Question 21

Roland Robertson

Answer 21

popularized the term globalization

Question 22

“flow of people”, the geographic flow of groups such as tourists, immigrants, and refugees

Answer 22

ethnoscapes

Question 23

“flow of ideas through technology”, the flow of good and ideas through modes of communication and other technologies of transportation

Answer 23

technoscapes

Question 24

“flow of media/images”, the flow of increasing number of images around the globe through media

Answer 24

mediascapes

Question 25

“flow of ideas”, ideas, terms, and images constructed locally and spread globally

Answer 25

ideoscapes

Question 26

the unpredictable and fluid of the “flow of commodities and economic exchange”

Answer 26

financescapes

Question 27

Joseph Stiglitz

Answer 27

described the process of globalization as neither good nor bad, but rather a consequences of these global flows that are beneficial or detrimental

Question 28

what are the positive sides of globalization

Answer 28

we become more aware of issues in different parts of the world and understand how issues that affect us related or affect the rest of the world

Question 29

cons of globalization

Answer 29

creates economic inequalities with small groups controlling most of the wealth and power

Question 30

individuals that Freeland referred to as the new global super rich

Answer 30

plutocrats

Question 31

what are the three key dimensions of globalization

Answer 31

• political and economic flows of globalization
• emergence of an international and global ethic of responsibility in responding to epidemics and other health crises
• global cultural politics in which the meaning of health and illness shifts in response to global flows of knowledge and informations

Question 32

the relationship between an interdependent government system and economy. look into the relationship between the state and the market at a given moment in time

Answer 32

political economy

Question 33

what does it mean to take a political economic perspective

Answer 33

means assessing how the state and the market are intertwined at any specific historical moment

Question 34

unregulated global marketplace

Answer 34

came around during the 2008 financial crisis where corporations could do business almost anywhere with anyone while being independent of most regulations set by government or international organizations

Question 35

critiques of unregulated global marketpalce

Answer 35

• questioned the distributive efficiency of markets (could it provide means necessary for people to live healthy and dignified lives)
• markets had become detached from moral values
• giving legal personhood to corporations, the rights of corporations have been elevated beyond the rights of real human beings

Question 36

intellectual property rights leads to what

Answer 36

high prices for medicine, thus prohibiting poor people rom buying advanced medicine

Question 37

the international committee of the red cross (ICRC)

Answer 37

• one of the first humanitarian organizations
• been providing aid for 150 years
• initially formed to help victims of war
• most recognizable symbol of humanitarian relief

Question 38

ethical challenges encountered by health care professionals in humanitarian aid work

Answer 38

• scarcity of resources and the need to allocate them
• historical, political, social, and commercial structures
• aid agency policies and agendas
• perceived norms around health professionals’ roles and interactions

Question 39

psychiatric service dogs

Answer 39

highly trained canines that are used as a treatment for mental illness such as PTSD (as an alternative to conventional biomedical treatments)

Question 40

an updated version of One Medicine, stresses the important of maintaining the health of all species and our overall ecosystem in an increasingly globalized society

Answer 40

One Health

Question 41

zoonosis

Answer 41

coined by Rudolf Virchow in late 1880s, identified zoonotic diseases (also known as zoonoses) are caused by germs, such as viruses,
bacteria, parasites and fungi, that spread between animals and people

Question 42

an attempt to unite human and veterinary medicine as a result of the acknowledgement that humans and animals are interrelated

Answer 42

One Medicine

Question 43

Calvin Schwabe

Answer 43

a veterinarian began a campaign in late 1960s, to reintroduce the concept of One Medicine to remind the important connection between the health and illness of animals and that of humans