chapter 13 vocab Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
axial skeleton
A
forms central axis of body, includes bones of head, neck, chest, back
2
Q
acetabulum
A
The socket of the hip bone, into which the head of the femur fits
3
Q
acromion
A
An extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
4
Q
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A
A ligament in the knee joint that connects the femur to the tibia and crosses in front of the PCL that provides stability to the knee
5
Q
arthritis
A
A general term for conditions affecting the joints and surrounding tissues, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. It includes various types such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
6
Q
arthrocentesis
A
A surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint, such as the knee
7
Q
arthrodesis
A
The surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones
8
Q
arthroplasty
A
surgical repair of a joint
9
Q
arthroscopy
A
A common procedure performed by orthopedic surgeons to view the inside of a joint to diagnose and/or to repair joint problems
10
Q
articular disks
A
Fibrocartilage structures in some synovial joints that act as cushions and improve the fit between the bones
11
Q
below-the-knee amputation (BKA)
A
A procedure performed by an orthopedic surgeon who removes the foot, ankle, part of the tibia, fibula, and corresponding soft tissue structures
12
Q
body of sternum
A
the middle portion of the sternum
13
Q
bone mineral density
A
A test that measures calcium and other minerals in bone
14
Q
bursa
A
A small fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts, such as muscles, tendons, or skin
15
Q
bursectomy
A
surgical removal of a bursa
16
Q
bursitis
A
Inflammation of a bursa, usually occurring in the knee, elbow, or shoulder
17
Q
calcaneus
A
the heel bone
18
Q
calcium
A
A mineral essential for developing and maintaining healthy bones and teeth
19
Q
carpals
A
the bones of the wrist
20
Q
cartilage
A
A resilient and smooth elastic tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones at joints
21
Q
cartilaginous joints
A
Joints where bones are connected by cartilage, allowing more movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints
22
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
Pertaining to the neck or the cervical vertebrae in the neck region
23
Q
clavicle
A
The collarbone, a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
24
Q
closed or simple fracture
A
A type of bone fracture where the skin over the fracture site remains intact, and the bone does not pierce through the skin
25
coccyx
The tailbone, formed by the fusion of coccygeal vertebrae
26
comminuted fracture
a bone is crushed into pieces
27
cranioplasty
surgical repair of the skull
28
craniotomy
A surgical procedure involving an incision through the cranium to access the brain
29
cranium
The skull, especially the part encasing the brain
30
crepitus
Describes a popping, clicking, or crackling sound when moving a joint that is associated with osteoarthritis. It typically reflects air movement in the joint and is harmless
31
DEXA scan
Shortened name for a central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. These scans use radiation to measure how much calcium and other minerals are in a specific area of the bone
32
diskectomy
Surgical removal of an intervertebral disk
33
diskitis
Inflammation of an intervertebral disk
34
dislocation
A condition where the bones in a joint become displaced from their normal alignment
35
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
A medical specialist who uses a whole-person approach to help prevent illness and injury by looking beyond symptoms to understand how lifestyle and environmental factors impact a person’s well-being. They practice medicine according to science and technology, but also consider options to complement medications and surgery
36
ethmoid
Related to the ethmoid bone, located between the eyes and forming part of the nasal cavity
37
false ribs
Ribs 8-10, which are connected to the sternum via cartilage
38
femur
The thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body
39
fibrous joints
Joints where bones are joined by fibrous tissue, typically allowing very little movement
40
fibula
The smaller and thinner bone of the lower leg located on the lateral side
41
floating ribs
The last two pairs of ribs, which are not attached to the sternum
42
fracture
A medical condition where there is a break in the continuity of the bone. It can range from minor cracks to complete breaks and can occur in any bone in the body
43
frontal
Pertaining to the forehead or the frontal bone of the skull
44
gout
A type of inflammatory arthritis that causes pain and swelling in the joints, usually as flares that last for one or two weeks and then resolve. Gout flares often begin in the big toe or a lower limb when high levels of serum uric acid build up in the body
45
carpal tunnel syndome
disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist
46
greenstick
Bone is partially broken, a condition that occurs in children
47
hallux
the big toe
48
herniated disk
A condition where a disk protrudes beyond the normal confines of the vertebrae
49
humerus
The upper arm bone, extending from the shoulder to the elbow
50
hyoid
A U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue
51
ilium
The large, broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis
52
impacted fracture
One fragment of the bone is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression
53
inferior conchae
Referring to the lowermost scroll-like bones on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
54
intercostal muscles
located between the ribs
55
intercostal retractions
The inward movement of the muscles between the ribs, typically a sign of respiratory distress
56
intervertebral disks
Pertaining to the space or structure between two vertebrae
57
ischium
The curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis
58
joints
The locations where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement or stability in the skeleton
59
kyphosis
An excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing a hunching of the back. It can result from degenerative diseases, developmental problems, osteoporosis, or trauma
60
lacrimal
Related to the lacrimal bones, small bones forming part of the eye socket
61
laminectomy
Surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina
62
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
A ligament on the outer side of the knee joint connecting the femur to the fibula
63
lateral malleolus
The bony prominence on the outside of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula
64
ligaments
Bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones at joints
65
lordosis
An excessive inward curvature of the spine, often affecting the lower back. It can be caused by obesity, poor posture, or other underlying conditions
66
lumbar (vertebrae
related to the lower back or the lumbar vertebrae
67
lupus
Common name for systemic lupus erythematosus; a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body
68
mandible
the lower jawbone
69
manubrium
the upper part of the sternum
70
maxillary
Pertaining to the maxilla or the upper jawbone
71
medical malleolus
The bony prominence on the inside of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia
72
meniscectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of a torn meniscus
73
meniscitis
Inflammation of a meniscus, typically in the knee
74
meniscus
A C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee joint that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia
75
metacarpals
The bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers
76
metatarsals
The bones in the midfoot and forefoot
77
myeloma
A type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow
78
nasal
Pertaining to the nasal bones of the nose
79
oblique fracture
bone is broken at an angle
80
occipital
Pertaining to the occipital bone at the back and base of the skull
81
open or compound fracture
A severe type of bone fracture where the broken bone pierces through the skin, creating an open wound. This type increases the risk of infection
82
open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
A type of surgery used to stabilize and heal a broken bone using screws, plates, wires, or nails to reconnect bones
83
spondylosyndesis
surgical fusion joining the vertebrae
84
orthopedics
A branch of medicine that treats disorders and diseases related to the musculoskeletal system
85
orthopedists
Medical doctors who specialize in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of disorders and diseases related to the musculoskeletal system
86
osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint disease in which the tissues in the joint break down over several years. It is the most common type of arthritis and frequently occurs as people age
87
osteoblasts
Cells that form new bone tissue
88
osteoclasts
Cells that break down and resorb bone tissue
89
osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue
90
osteomalacia
Softening of bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium
91
osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow, usually caused by infection
92
osteonecrosis
Death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply
93
osteopathy
A branch of medical practice that emphasizes the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the bones, joints, and muscles
94
osteopenia
Reduced bone mass of lesser severity than osteoporosis
95
osteoporosis
A condition where bones become weak and brittle, often due to loss of tissue as a result of hormonal changes or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. It increases the risk of fractures
96
osteosarcoma
a type of malignant bone tumor
97
palatine
Related to the palatine bones of the skull, forming parts of the nasal cavity and hard palate
98
parietal
Pertaining to the parietal bones of the skull, located at the sides and top of the cranium
99
patella
The kneecap, a small bone in front of the knee joint
100
pelvis
The large bony structure near the base of the spine which includes the two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx to which the legs are attached
101
phalanges
The bones of the fingers and toes
102
phalanx
A single bone of the fingers or toes
103
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
A ligament in the knee that crosses behind the ACL and connects the femur to the tibia
104
prosthesis
an artificial body part
105
pubic symphysis
The joint between the two pubic bones at the front of the pelvis
106
pubis
The front part of the pelvic girdle, situated at the anterior part of the pelvis
107
radiologist
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases using medical imaging (radiology) procedures such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound
108
radiology technologist
Commonly called an X-ray tech, is a health care professional who is specially trained to perform medical imaging like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans
109
radius
The lateral bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb
110
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the joints
111
rheumatologists
Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases and systemic autoimmune conditions commonly referred to as rheumatic diseases
112
rheumatology
The study of inflammatory or infectious conditions of the joints and other parts of the musculoskeletal system
113
rickets
A disease in children caused by extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency
114
sacrum
A triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of sacral vertebrae
115
scapula
The shoulder blade, a large triangular bone on the back of the shoulder
116
scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. It can vary in severity and may require treatments such as bracing or surgery in more severe cases
117
sphenoid
Pertaining to the sphenoid bone, a complex bone at the base of the skull
118
spiral fracture
bone has twisted apart
119
spondylosis
A painful condition of the spine resulting from the degeneration of intervertebral disks
120
sternum
The breastbone, a long flat bone in the center of the chest
121
stress fracture
small crack in a bone
122
synovectomy
Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint
123
synovial fluid
A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints, reducing friction between the articular cartilage during movement
124
synovial joints
Highly movable joints where two bones are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
125
synovial membrane
The lining of the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints, secreting synovial fluid for lubrication
126
systemic lupus erythematosus
Commonly referred to as lupus; a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body
127
tarsals
The bones in the rear part of the foot (the heel and the instep)
128
temporal
Related to the temporal bones of the skull, located at the lower sides
129
temporomandibular joint (TMJ
The hinge joint connecting the temporal bone of the skull with the mandible
130
tendon
A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
131
thoracic vertebrae
Pertaining to the thorax or the thoracic vertebrae in the upper back
132
tibia
The shin bone, the larger and stronger of the two bones in the lower leg located on the medial side
133
total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Also called a total hip replacement (THR), the replacement of the head of the femur and acetabulum with replacement parts that are either metal, ceramic, or hard plastic
134
total hip replacement (THR)
Also called a total hip arthroplasty (THA), the replacement of the head of the femur and acetabulum with replacement parts that are either metal, ceramic, or hard plastic
135
total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
Also called total knee replacement (TKR), surgical removal of worn surfaces of the knee joint due to severe osteoarthritis
136
total knee replacement (TKR)
Also called total knee arthroplasty (TKA), surgical removal of worn surfaces of the knee joint due to severe osteoarthritis
137
transverse fracture
Bone is broken straight across
138
true ribs
The first seven pairs of ribs, which attach directly to the sternum
139
ulna
The medial bone of the forearm, on the same side as the pinky finger
140
vertebrae
The individual bones that make up the vertebral column (spine)
141
vertebral column
The spinal column or backbone, consisting of multiple vertebrae
142
vomer
A thin, flat bone forming the lower part of the nasal septum
143
xiphoid process
The small, cartilaginous projection at the lower end of the sternum
144
x-rays
Use a form of radiation that travels through the body and strikes an X-ray detector, forming an image that represents the “shadows” of objects inside the body
145
zygomatic
Related to the cheekbone or zygomatic bone
