Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

medical terminology > chapter 17 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 17 vocab Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

acromegaly

A

A disorder in adults caused by excessive production of growth hormone, leading to enlargement of bones in face, hands, and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

addison’s disease

A

A disorder where the adrenal glands produce insufficient cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms like hypoglycemia and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adrenal cortex

A

The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adrenalectomy

A

Surgical excision of one or more of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adrenal glands

A

Endocrine glands located on top of each kidney, consisting of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, producing various hormones including aldosterone, cortisol, and catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

A medical condition where the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of steroid hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adrenal medulla

A

the inner part of the adrenal gland, makes chemicals such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) which are involved in sending nerve signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aldosterone

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance by signaling the kidneys to absorb sodium and excrete potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

androgens

A

Male sex hormones produced in small amounts by both sexes, primarily in the adrenal cortex, and involved in the development of male characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain vital functions such as breathing and temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

beta endorphin

A

A natural opioid peptide hormone produced in the brain and pituitary gland, involved in pain relief and feelings of well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

calcitonin

A

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by reducing the concentration of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

catecholamines

A

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are involved in the body’s stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cortisol

A

A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, playing a vital role in stress response, metabolism, and immune response regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cushing’s disease

A

A condition caused by excessive cortisol production, often due to a pituitary tumor, leading to symptoms like weight gain and high blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

A condition characterized by excessive production of dilute urine, due to a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones, typically due to a severe lack of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dwarfism

A

A condition characterized by short stature, often resulting from a genetic or medical condition, such as a deficiency in growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

endocrine

A

Pertaining to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The pancreas serves an endocrine function by producing hormones like insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

endocrine surgeons

A

Medical specialists who perform surgical procedures on the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, to treat various endocrine disorders and diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
endocrinologists
Physicians who specialize in studying and treating diseases associated with the endocrine system
26
endocrinology
The study of the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine system
27
epinephrine
Also known as adrenaline, a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, playing a key role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate and blood flow
28
estrogen
A group of hormones primarily responsible for the development and regulation of female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics
29
euthyroid
A term that describes normal thyroid gland functioning, with the production of the correct amount of thyroid hormones
30
exocrine
Referring to glands that secrete their products through ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel. In the context of the pancreas, it refers to the production of digestive enzymes
31
exophthalmos
A medical term for bulging eyes, a symptom of hyperthyroidism
32
fasting blood glucose (FBG)
A test that measures blood sugar levels after an individual has not eaten for at least 8 hours, used to diagnose diabetes
33
fight-or-flight response
A physiological reaction characterized by the increased production of hormones like adrenaline and norepinephrine in response to a perceived threat or stress, resulting in various bodily changes like increased heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels, preparing the body for either confrontation or rapid retreat
34
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males
35
gestational diabetes
A form of diabetes that manifests during pregnancy, involving elevated blood glucose levels, and generally resolves after the baby’s birth, although it can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life
36
gigantism
A rare condition caused by excessive production of growth hormone in childhood, leading to abnormal increase in height and size
37
glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose
38
glucose
A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and a component of many carbohydrates
39
goiter
An enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can be a symptom of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism or result from iodine deficiency
40
grave's disease
An autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone
41
hemoglobin (HbA1C)
A blood test that indicates the average level of blood sugar over the past two to three months, used to diagnose and manage diabetes
42
hirsutism
The excessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern in women, often due to increased androgen levels
43
hormones
Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands, traveling through the bloodstream to target organs to initiate specific physiological responses
44
human growth hormone (HGH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, crucial for growth and metabolic processes in the body
45
hypercalcemia
A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood
46
hyperglycemia
A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood, often associated with diabetes
47
hyperparathyroidism
A condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, leading to high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia)
48
hyperthyroidism
A condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety
49
hypocalcemia
Low levels of calcium in the blood, which can be a symptom of hypoparathyroidism
50
hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels, which can be a side effect of diabetes treatment
51
hypoarathyroidism
A condition in which the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia)
52
hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
53
hypopituitarism
A condition where the pituitary gland produces insufficient amounts of one or more of its hormones, leading to a variety of symptoms depending on which hormones are affected
54
hypotension
abnormally low blood pressure
55
56
hypothyroidism
A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance
57
insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells
58
luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, involved in triggering ovulation in females and testosterone production in males
59
melatonin
A hormone produced by the pineal gland, affecting reproductive development and daily physiological cycles, including sleep patterns
60
norepinephrine
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, involved in the body’s response to stress and also acts as a neurotransmitter
61
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A test where a person consumes a glucose-rich beverage, and their blood sugar levels are tested over several hours to assess glucose metabolism
62
oxytocin
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, involved in childbirth, lactation, and social bonding
63
pancreas
An organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions, producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon
64
pancreatectomy
surgical removal of the pancreas
65
parathyroid glands
Small glands located on the thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood
66
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium and phosphate balance in the blood and bone metabolism
67
parathyroidectomy
A surgical procedure to remove one or more of the parathyroid glands
68
pineal gland
A small cone-shaped structure in the brain that produces melatonin, influencing reproductive development and physiological cycles
69
pituitary gland
A pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, producing various hormones including GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, endorphins, and prolactin, influencing numerous bodily functions
70
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age characterized by prolonged or infrequent menstrual periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries
71
polydipsia
Excessive thirst, often a symptom of diabetes
72
polyphagia
Excessive hunger or increased appetite, often a symptom of diabetes
73
polyuria
Excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine, frequently seen in diabetes
74
progesterone
A hormone released by the ovaries that regulates the condition of the endometrium, which is important for maintaining pregnancy
75
prolactin
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, primarily involved in milk production in breastfeeding mothers
76
radioactive iodine uptake
A diagnostic test that measures how much radioactive iodine is absorbed by the thyroid gland, used to evaluate thyroid function
77
random blood glucose
A test measuring the sugar levels in the blood at any given time, regardless of when the last meal was consumed, utilized to monitor and manage blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes
78
striae
Streaks or lines on the skin, typically caused by rapid stretching and hormone changes, as seen in Cushing’s syndrome
79
testosterone
The primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics
80
thyroid gland
An endocrine gland in the neck producing hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine, crucial for regulating metabolism and other body functions
81
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
82
thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland
83
thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can cause either high or low levels of thyroid hormones
84
thyroxine
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland, involved in regulating metabolism, heart rate, and growth and development in children
85
triiodothyronine (T3)
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland, playing a vital role in metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature regulation
86
type 1 diabetes
An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in a lack of insulin and the need for life-long insulin therapy
87
type 2 diabetes
A chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance, where body cells do not respond effectively to insulin, often combined with a deficiency in insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels

medical terminology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions