chapter 13- WBCs Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
what is the CD34+ cell
A
hematopoietic stem cell
2
Q
what is the term for low WBC count
A
leukopenia
3
Q
what is the term for high WBC count
A
leukocytosis
4
Q
what is neutropenia classically seen with
A
drug toxicity and severe infection
5
Q
what can cause the eft shift with neutrophilic leukocytosis
A
bacterial infection and tissue necrosis because slightly immature neutrophils may be released (decreased Fc receptors)
6
Q
how does high cortisol state cause neutrophilic leukocytosis
A
because it causes demargination
7
Q
what is produced in hodgkin lymphoma that can lead to eosinophilia
A
increase production of IL-5
8
Q
what is the lymphocytic leukocytosis associated with infectious mononucleosis comprised of
A
reactive CD8+ T cells
9
Q
what is the presentation result of neoplastic proliferation of blasts
A
acute presentation with anemia, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia
10
Q
what are lymphoblasts positive for in the nucleus
A
tDt
11
Q
what are myeloblasts positive for
A
MPO
12
Q
what is the condition classified as neoplastic accumulation of lymphoblasts
A
ALL
13
Q
who does ALL most commonly arise in
A
kids
14
Q
at what age is ALL associated with down syndrome
A
after age 5
15
Q
what is the most common ALL and what does it express
A
B-ALL; CD10, CD19, CD20
16
Q
what is the most common translocation in kids with B-ALL
A
t (12:21)
17
Q
what is the most common translocation in B-ALL
A
t (9:22)
18
Q
how does T-ALL present
A
mediastinal mass in teenagers
19
Q
what is the term for neoplastic accumulation of myeloblasts
A
AML
20
Q
who does AML typically present in
A
older adults (50-60yo)
21
Q
what translocation is acute promyelocytic leukemia characterized by
A
t(15:17)
22
Q
what receptor is disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia
A
RAR receptor
23
Q
what do the promyelocytes in acute promyelocytic leukemia contain numerous of and what does this pose a risk for
A
numerous Auer rods; risk for DIC
24
Q
what do the blasts in acute monocytic leukemia characteristically infiltrate
A
gums
25
what disorder is acute megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with
down syndrome before the age of 5
26
what is the term for neoplastic proliferative of naive B cells that coexpres CD5 and CD20
CLL
27
what should you think of when you see smudge cells
CLL
28
what are some complications of CLL
hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma
29
what is the term for neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells
hairy cell leukemia
30
what are the cells in hairy cell leukemia positive for
TRAP
31
what does hairy cell leukemia have excellent response to
2-CDA
32
what typically causes the death in individuals with hair cell leukemia
adenosine accumulates to toxin levels in neoplastic B cells
33
what is the term for neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4+ T cells
ATLL
34
what is ATLL associated with
HTLV-1 (japan and caribbean)
35
what is the clinical presentation associated with ATLL
rash, generalized LAD with HSM, lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia
36
what is the term for aggregates of neoplastic T cells in the epidermis and what disease is it associated with
paltrier micrabscesses; mycosis fungoides
37
what is it called when cells of mycosis fungicides spread to the blood
sezary syndrome
38
what are the characteristic lymphocytes in sezary syndrome
cerebriform nuclei
39
what is chronic myeloid leukemia driven by
t (9:22)
40
are CML granulocytes LAP positive or negative
negative
41
what is the term for neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially RBCs
polycythemia Vera
42
what is also increased besides RBCs in my polycythemia vera
granulocytes and platelets
43
if someone is itching after bathing, have blurry vision and headache and a flushed face, what disorder might you consider
polycythemia vera
44
what mutation in polycythemia associated with
JAK2 kinase mutation
45
what is the term for neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially platelets
essential thrombocythemia
46
what cells are increased in essential thrombocythemia
RBC and granulocytes
47
what mutation is associated with essential thrombocythemia
JAK2 kinase
48
what is the term for neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially megakaryocytic
myelofibrosis
49
what mutation is associated with myelofibrosis
JAK2 kinase
50
what is produced in excess in myelofibrosis
PDGF
51
what is the clinical presentation of follicular lymphoma
late adulthood with painless LAD
52
what is follicular lymphoma driven by
t (14:18)
53
what can follicular lymphoma progress to as a complication
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
54
how does large B cell lymphoma present
enlarging LN
55
what should you think of with follicular hyperplasia
tangible body macrophages in GC
56
how is mantle cell lymphoma presented clinically
late adulthood with painless LAD
57
what is mantel cell lymphoma driven by
t(11:14)
58
what is highly over expressed in mantle cell lymphoma
cyclin D1
59
what is the clinical presentation of Burkitt lymphoma
extra nodal mass in kids or young adults
60
what does the african form of burkitt lymphoma typically involves
jaw
61
what does the sporadic form of burkitt lymphoma typically involve
abdomen
62
what translocation is common in burkitt lymphoma
c-myc (chr 8); t(8:14)
63
what lymphoma has starry sky appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
64
what is the most common form of NHL
DLBCL
65
what should you think of with reed-sternberg cells
hodgkin lymphoma
66
describe the nucleus in reed sternberg cells
CD15+, CD30+; owl-eyed nucleus
67
what subtype of hodgkin lymphoma has the best prognosis
lymphocyte rich
68
what subtype of hodgkin lymphoma is associated with abundant eosinophils
mixed cellularity type
69
what subtype of hodgkin lymphoma has the worst prognosis and is seen in the elderly or HIV+
lymphocyte depleted
70
how do the RS cells present in nodular sclerosis type of hodgkin lymphoma
lake-like spaces (lacunar cells)
71
what is the term for malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow
multiple myeloma
72
what is the most common primary malignancy of bone
multiple myeloma
73
describe the Xray seen in multiple myeloma
lytic punched out lesions seen on X-ray, especially in vertebrae and skull
74
what is the most common cause of death in multiple myeloma
infection
75
what should you think of with rouleaux formation on blood smear
multiple myeloma
76
what is primary AL amyloidosis a consequence of
multiple myeloma
77
how is the proteinuria seen in primary AL amyloidosis excreted
as Bence-jones proteins
78
what is the term or B cell lymphoma with monoclonal IgM production
waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
79
what is the clinical presentation of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
generalized LAD; lytic bone lesions are NOT present; increased serum protein with M spike; visual and neurological deficits
80
what should you think of with birbeck/tennis racket lesions on EM
langerhans cell histiocytosis
81
how is letterer-siwe disease presented
skin rash and cystic skeletal defects in an infant
82
what is the term for benign proliferation of langerhans cells in bone
eosinophilic granuloma
83
what is the presentation of eosinophilic grandma
pathologic fracture in adolescents; skin NOT involved
84
what is the presentation of Hand-schuller-christian disease
scalp rash, lytic skull defects, DI, exophthalmos in a kid
85
What is the chief site of blood formation until shortly before birth
Liver
86
What is the term for abnormal release of immature precursors into the peripheral blood
Leukoerythroblastosis
87
What is the normal range for adult granulocytes
40-70%
88
What is the most common cause of agranolocytosis in neutropenia
Drug toxicity
89
What congenital condition has impairment of granulocytic differentiation
Kostmann syndrome
90
What is the most common consequence of agranulocytosis
Infections
91
What is the term for patches of dilated ER that appear as sky-blue cytoplasmic puddles seen with leukocytosis
Dohle bodies
92
What is the term for coarser and darker than normal neutrophilic granules seen in leukocytosis
Toxic granules
93
What can cause leukocytosis due to increased release from marrow stores
Endotoxemia, infection, hypoxia
94
What can cause decreased margin action leading to leukocytosis
Exercise, catecholamines
95
How does acute nonspecific lymphadenitis present
Painful red abscess
96
What is acute non-specific lymphadenitis in the axillary or inguinal regions most often caused by
Infections in extremities
97
What are some causes of follicular hyperplasia
Rheumatoid arthritis, toxoplasmosis, early stages of HIV
98
What is another name for reticular hyperplasia
Sinus histiocytosis
99
What are myodysplastic myeloid neoplasms associated with
Ineffective hematopoiesis and resultant peripheral blood cytopenias
100
What do Bloom and Fanconi increase the risk of
Acute leukemia
101
What is the origin of most lymphoid neoplasms
B cell origin
102
What is the primary T cell associated with CD1
Thymocytes and langerhans cells
103
What are the primary T cells associated with CD3
Thymocytes, mature T cells
104
What are the primary B cells associated with CD10
Pre-B cells and germinal center B cells
105
What are the primary B cells associated with CD19
Pre B cells and mature B cells but not plasma cells
106
What is the EBC receptor
CD21
107
What B cells is CD23 primarily associated with
Activated mature B cells
108
What is the primary cell associated with CD14
Monocytes
109
What are the primary cells associated with CD15
Granulocytes' Reed-Sternberg cells and variants
110
What cells are associated with CD64
Mature myeloid cells
111
What is the most common cancer of childhood
ALL
112
What is the peak incidence for B-ALL
Age 3
113
What is mutation in T-ALLs
NOTCH1
114
Are lymphoblasts myeloperoxidase positive or negative
Negative
115
What is the specialized DNA polyermase that is expressed only in pre-B and pre-T lymphoblasts and is positive in 95% of classes in ALL
TdT
116
What do pre-B cells usually epxress
CD19, PAX5, CD10
117
What is the most common leukemia of adults in western world
CLL/SLL
118
What are human CLL cells dependent on
BTK pathway
119
What is the immunophenotype in CLL,SLL
CD19+, CD20+, CD23+, CD5+
120
What is the most common form of indolent NHL
Follicular lymphoma
121
What is follicular lymphoma strongly associated with chromosomal translocations involving
BCL2
122
What is disregulated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
BCL6
123
What is primary effusion lymphoma associated with
KSHV/HHV-8
124
What translocation is involved in Burkitt lymphoma
MYC gene on chromosome 8
125
What is the immunophenotype of Burkitt lymphoma
Express IgM, CD19, CD20, CD10, BCL6; almost always FAILS to express BCL2
126
What is the most common and deadly plasma neoplasm
Multiple myeloma
127
What heavy chain gene rearrangement is common in multiple myeloma
Chromosome 14q32
128
What is the most common plasma cell dyscrasia
MGUS
129
What is the genotype on large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Point mutations in STAT3
130
What mutations are associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Acquired mutations in MYD88
131
When you see Russell bodies or ditched bodies, what should you think of
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
132
What infectio. Must be present to get adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
HTLV-1
133
What does HTLV-1 encode
Tax
134
What should you think of with cloverleaf or flower cells
Adult T cell leukemia or lymphoma
135
What is the triad associated with felty syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, neutropenia
136
What presentation is most common with extranodal NKT-cell lymphoma
Destructive nasopharyngeal mass
137
What are the classic type of Hodgkin lymphoma positive for
PAX5, CD15, CD30
138
What type of Hodgkin lymphoma is NOT associated with EMV
Lymphocyte predominance
139
What disease should you think of with Auer rods
AML
140
What type of syndromes should you think of with pseudo-pelger-Huet cells and pawn ball megakaryocytes
Disordered differentiation in myelodysplastic syndrome
141
What is the common mutation in chronic myelogenous leukemia
BCR-ABL fusion gene
142
What is the mutations in essential thrombocytopenia
JAK2 and MPL point mutations
143
What is the mutation in systemic mastocytosis
KIT point mutations
144
What should you think of with sea-blue histiocytes
CML
145
How is essential thrombocytosis separated from PCV and primary myelofibrosis
Based on absence of polycythemia and marrow fibrosis, respectively
146
What disorder is erthromelalgia seen in
Essential thrombocytosis
147
What is the term for throbbing and burning of hands and feet caused by occlusion of small arterioles by platelet aggregation
Essential thrombocytosis
148
What is the chief pathology feature of primary myelofibrosis
Extensive deposition of collagen in marrow by non-neoplasticism fibroblasts
149
How does primary myelofibrosis come to attention
Because of progressive anemia and splenomegaly, which produces sensation of fullness in LUQ
150
What is the hand-Schiller-Christian triad associated with
Eosinophilic granuloma
151
What is pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis most common in
Adult smokers
152
What do neoplastic langerhans cells express
Both CCR6 and CCR7
153
Where do most thymomas arise
Anterior superior mediastinum
