Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lecom pathology year 2 > pathology 23- breast > Flashcards

pathology 23- breast Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the functional unit of the breast

A

terminal duct lobular unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 layers that the lobules and ducts are lined with

A

luminal cell layer and myoepithelial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what cells line the luminal cell layer and what are the dependent on

A

columnar epithelial cells; highly dependent on vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the highest density of breast tissue

A

upper outer quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the term for bacterial infection of the breast

A

acute mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is acute mastitis usually due to

A

S. aureus (associated with breast feeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the term for inflammation of subareolar ducts

A

periductal mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who is periductal mastitis typically seen in

A

smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is periductal mastitis typically seen in smokers

A

due to the relative vitamin A deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the clinical presentation of periductal mastitis

A

subareolar mass with nipple retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the term for inflammation of the subareolar ducts with dilation

A

mammary duct ectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who does marry duct ectasia usually arise in

A

multiparous post-menopausal women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the presentation of mammary duct ectasia

A

periareolar mass with green-brown nipple discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is seen on biopsy of mammary duct ectasia

A

chronic inflammation with plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is fat necrosis usually due to

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most common change in premenopausal breast tissue

A

fibrocystic change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the appearance of the cysts in fibrocystic change

A

blue-domed appearance on gross exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the clinical presentation in intraductal papilloma

A

bloody nipple discharge in premenopausal women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the major difference between papillary carcinoma and intraductal papilloma

A

intraductal is in pre-menopausal; papillary is in post-menopausal; also, papillary carcinoma lack myoepithelial cells that are seen in intraductal papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the most common benign tumor of the breast

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the term for fibroadenoma-like tumor with overgrowth of fibrous component

A

phyllodes tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is DCIS Detected on mammography

A

calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the term for DCIS that extends up ducts to skin of nipple

A

paget disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the presentation of paget disease of the breast

A

nipple ulceration and erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what might be the presentation of an advanced invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
dimpling of skin and/or retraction of nipple
26
who does the mutinous type of invasive ductal carcinoma typically occur in
elderly
27
what can inflammatory invasive ductal carcinoma appear to be until it does not resolve with antibiotics
acute mastitis
28
what increases the propensity of medullary carcinoma of invasive ductal carcinomas
BRCA1 mutations
29
what are the cells lacking with LCIS
E-cadherin
30
what positivities are associated with response to anti-estrogenic agents
ER+ and PR+
31
what is the most common mutations in male breast cancer
BRCA2
32
What cells line the superficial portion of the breast
Keratinizing squamous cells
33
What lesions can occur in the lobular unit
Sclerosing adenosis, small duct papilloma, hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma
34
What lesions can occur in the lobular stroma
Fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor
35
What lesions can occur in the interlobular stroma
Fat necrosis, lipoma, fibrous tumor, fibromatosis, sarcom a
36
Where are 50% f breast carcinoma located
Upper outer quadrant
37
What happens to the nipples of many individuals with squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts
Inverted nipples secondary to infection
38
Describe the secretions that typically occur with duct ecstasies
Thick, white nipple secretions (and occasional skin retraction)
39
When does duct ectasia typically occur and in whom
5th or 6th decades of life in multiparous women
40
Who is lymphocytic mastopathy./ sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis most common in
DM1 or autoimmune thyroid disease
41
Who does granulomatous mastitis occur in
Parous women
42
How is diagnosis of fibrocystic change made
Disappearance of mass after fine-needle aspiration of its contents
43
What is the term for increase in number of acini per lobule
Adenosis
44
What is flat adenosis associated with
Deletions of chromosome 16q
45
What is thought to be the earliest recognizable precursor of lowgrade breast cancers
Flat adenosis
46
Where do large papilloma typically occur
Lacteriferous sinuses and solitary
47
Where do small papilloma typically occur
Deeper in ductal system
48
How does gynecomastia present
Button-like subareolar enlargement
49
How is atypical ductal hyperplasia distinguished from DCIS
It only partially fills involved ducts
50
What is the spread seen in atypical lobular hyperplasia called
Pategoid intraepthielial spread
51
What are almost all breast malignancies
Adenocarcinomas
52
What chromosome is BRCA1 on
17
53
What chromosome is BRCA2 on
Chromosome 13
54
What are the comings for luminal cancers
ER positive, HER2 negative
55
What is the coding for basal like invasive cancer
ER negative HER2 negative
56
What is the most common mutation in ER positive HER2 negative
Mutations of BRCA2
57
What is the most common subtype of breast cancer in patients with germline mutations in TP53 (li-fraumeni syndrome)
HER2 positive cancers
58
What is a putative precursor lesion of HER2 positive cancers
Atypical apocrine adenosis
59
What is the most common mutation in ER negative HER2 negative cancers
BRCA1 mutations
60
What population of people have increased frequency of BRCA1 mutations
African Americans
61
What are the 2 main features required for comedo DCIS
Tumor cells with pleomorphic, high grade nuclei and areas of central necrosis
62
What does the cribriform type of non-come from DCIS look like
Rounded (cookie-cutter like) spaces within ducts or a solid DCIS pattern
63
What might paget disease of the breast be mistaken for
Eczema
64
What is lost in LCIS
E-cadherin
65
Which is Bilateral more often, DCIS or LCIS
LCIS
66
What should you think of when you see mucin positive signet ring cells
LCIS
67
What does LCIS almost always express
ER and PR
68
What overexpression is not observed with LCIS
HER2
69
What is the most common form of invasive breast cancer
ER positive, HER2 negative
70
Where is the metastasis most common for ER+ HER2-
Bone
71
What is the high proliferation ER positive HER2 negative associated with a mutation of
BRCA2
72
What receptor expression is often absent with HER2+
Progesterone receptor
73
Who is HER2+ more common in
Young women
74
Who is ER- HER2- most common in
Young premenopausal women as well as African Americans and hispanics
75
What is often mutated with ER- HER2-
BRCA1
76
Where does ER- HER2- typically metastasize
Viscera and brain
77
What type of carcinoma produces grating sound when cut
Invasive infiltrating carcinoma
78
What is lost with lobular carcinomas of the breast
CDH1 (encodes E-cadherin_
79
What is the histo hallmark of lobular carcinoma
Signet-ring cells; tubular formation absent
80
Describe mucinous carcinomas of the breast
Soft, rubbery, pale blue gelatin
81
What are medullary carcinoma associated with a mutation of
BRCA1
82
What carcinomas of the breast are the softest
Medullary
83
What is carcinoma of the male breast associated with
BRCA2 mutation and klinefelter
84
Where is the carcinoma of male breast cancer
Situated close to overlying skin and underlying thoracic wall
85
Where is distant metastasis of male breast cancer common to
Lungs, brain, bone and liver
86
What is the hallmark of inflammatory carcinoma
Peau d' orange
87
What is the most common benign tumor of the breast
Fibroadenoma
88
Who do most fibroadenoma occur in
Women in 20s and 30s, frequently multiple and bilateral
89
What medication is associated with development of fibroadenomas that regress after sensation of treatment
Cyclosporine A
90
What tumors are "leaflike"
Phyllodes tumor
91
What are phyllodes tumors associated with gains in
Chromosome 1q
92
What is overexpressed in higher grade and more aggressive phyllodes tumors
HOXB13

Lecom pathology year 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions