Chapter 13 (Word Parts)

Question 1

adren/o

Answer 1

adrenal glands [Regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism, and respond to stress.]

Question 2

gonad/o

Answer 2

gonads [Gamete (sex cell) producing glands.]

Question 3

testic/o

Answer 3

male: testicles [Sperm-producing gland.]

Question 4

ovari/o

Answer 4

female: ovaries [Ova (egg) producting gland.]

Question 5

pancreat/o

Answer 5

pancreatic islets [Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism.]

Question 6

parathyroid/o

Answer 6

parathyroid glands [Regulates calcium levels throughout the body.]

Question 7

pineal/o

Answer 7

pineal gland [Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.]

Question 8

pituit/o, pituitar/o

Answer 8

pituitary gland [Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.]

Question 9

thym/o

Answer 9

thymus [Plays a major role in the immune reaction.]

Question 10

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 10

thyroid gland [Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system.]

Question 11

The hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Answer 11

calcitonin

Question 12

A hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body.

Answer 12

cortisol

Question 13

Mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood.

Answer 13

electrolytes

Question 14

A hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear; also known as adrenaline.

Answer 14

epinephrine

Question 15

A hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 15

estrogen

Question 16

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female. In the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles (testes).

Answer 16

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 17

The hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

Answer 17

glucagon

Question 18

The hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues.

Answer 18

growth hormone

Question 19

The hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islet in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. Its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.

Answer 19

insulin

Question 20

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

Answer 20

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Question 21

A protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite.

Answer 21

leptin

Question 22

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

Answer 22

luteinizing hormone

Question 23

A combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the “flight-or-flight response”.

Answer 23

norepinephrine

Question 24

Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

Answer 24

oxytocin

Question 25

This hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary.

Answer 25

progesterone

Question 26

The process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

Answer 26

puberty

Question 27

A large family of hormonelike substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure.

Answer 27

steroids

Question 28

A steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 28

testosterone

Question 29

Hormones secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system.

Answer 29

thymosin

Question 30

One of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of other body systems.

Answer 30

thyroxine

Question 31

Are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream. This enables them to reach cells and organs throughout the body.

Answer 31

hormones

Question 32

Stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.

Answer 32

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 33

Aka as prolactin, stimulates & maintains the secretions of breast milk in the mother after childbirth.

Answer 33

lactogenic hormone (LTH)

Question 34

Increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation. This usually increases during pregnancy.

Answer 34

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 35

Stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland.

Answer 35

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 36

Two primary thyroid hormones that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate function of many other body systems.

Answer 36

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) [Controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.]

Question 37

Which works with the hormone calcitonin that is secreted by the thyroid gland. Together, they regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Answer 37

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 38

Sex hormones secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells. Promote the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics, however, they are present in both men and women.

Answer 38

androgens

Question 39

The steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The same term describes the synthetically produced equivalents that are administered as medications.

Answer 39

corticosteroids

Question 40

A corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing the sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.

Answer 40

aldosterone (ALD)

Question 41

Are gamete-producting glands. These are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

Answer 41

gonads

Question 42

The process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

Answer 42

puberty

Question 43

A reproductive cell. These are sperm in the male and ova (eggs) in the female.

Answer 43

gamete

Question 44

Any hormone that stimulates the gonads.

Answer 44

gonadotropin

Question 45

Are man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones. They are used in the treatment of hormone problems in men and to help the body replace muscle mass lost due to disease. Athletes sometimes use these steroids illegally to build muscle mass, a dangerous practice that can lead to lasting damage to the body.

Answer 45

anabolic steroids

Question 46

Are produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream.

Answer 46

neurohormones

Question 47

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands.

Answer 47

endocrinologist

Question 48

A health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease.

Answer 48

certified diabetes educator (CDE)