Chapter 14 & 15 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What do we mean by prevention in epidemiology?
We mean primary prevention - which aims to prevent disease from occurring in the first place.
Examples where primary prevention is not possible
T1D, Rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, MS
What is a mass strategy approach?
Aims to reduce the health risks of the entire population. It does so by changing the risk factor level in everyone. Like aim to reduce everyones blood pressure rather than just ‘high risk’
What does the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) estimate
Estimates the proportion of a disease cases in a population that could be prevented if a specific risk factor were eliminated
What is the Potential Impact Fraction (PIF)?
A measure that can be used to assess the future effect of a reduction in exposure. It estimates the fraction of disease potentially preventable if exposure is reduced to a new lower level.
What is secondary prevention?
Strategies aimed at early detection and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of a diasea in individuals in the early stages of the disease. Goal is to reduce the sverity of the disease, prevent complications, and improve outcomes.
What does screening refer to?
Refers to the widespread use of a simple test for disease detection in an apparently healthy (asymptomatic) population
What are the requirements of a screening program?
ppl undergo screening appear to be free of disease of intrest, different from a diagnostic. Should be simple and cheap, and accurate.
What is the trade off between sensitivity and specificty?
When a tets is more sensitive, it may become less specific, If a test is very specific it may lead to some missed cases.
For screening high sensitivity or high specificity?
High sensitivity is typically prioritized to ensure that more cases are dected, even if it results some false positives.
