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chapter 14 Flashcards

lymphatic system (122 cards)

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1
Q

lymph

A

clear watery substance that surrounds body cells & flows in a system of lymph vessels throughout the body

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2
Q

lymph characteristics:

A

-originates in blood
-rich in lymphocytes & monocytes
-flows in lymph capillaries & vessels
-flows through lymph nodes & lymphatic organs
-absorbs lipids in intestine

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3
Q

lymphatic system functions:

A
  1. transport proteins & fluids that have leaked back to bloodstream
  2. lymphatic vessels absorb lipids from intestines & transport them to blood
  3. lymphocytes & monocytes protect the body by mounting a cellular attack on foreign cells & organisms
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4
Q

interstitial fluid & lymph capillaries structure:

A

blood & lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, interstitial fluid & tissue cells

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5
Q

blood & lymph:

A

-lymph originates from blood & filters out of tiny blood capillaries into the spaces between cells
-interstitial fluid passes continuously into lymph capillaries that course through tissue space
-lymph passes through larger lymphatic vessels through clusters of lymph tissues finally reaching large lymphatic vessels in upper chest
-lymph enters large lymphatic vessels which then empty into bloodstream

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6
Q

lymphatic system anatomy:

A

lymph capillaries, vessels & nodes

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7
Q

spleen function:

A

-destroys old RBCs
-filters microorganisms/other foreign material out of blood
-activates lymphocytes during blood filtration
-stores blood, especially erythrocytes & platelets

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8
Q

thymus gland function:

A

-provides immunity in fetal life & early years of growth
-make cells immunocompetent in early life

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9
Q

lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen & thymus gland, produce lymphocytes & antibodies

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10
Q

immunity

A

the body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs, can be natural or adaptive

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11
Q

monoclonal antibodies (passive immunotherapy) (MoAb)

A

multiple copies of cells or genes that kill tumor cells

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12
Q

vaccine (active immunotherapy)

A

contain antigens from the patient’s tumor cells, stimulate the patient’s T cells to recognize and kill the cancerous cells

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13
Q

transfer of immune cells

A

in bone marrow transplantation, T lymphocytes from a donor can replace a patient’s immune system with new cells that recognize tumor cells as foreign and kill them

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14
Q

vaccine

A

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

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15
Q

adaptive immunity

A

-ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
-lymphocytes
-antibodies
-memory: second exposure
-vaccination
-immunoglobulins
-maternal antibodies

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16
Q

adenoids

A

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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17
Q

antibody

A

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

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18
Q

antigen

A

substance that the body recognizes as foreign, evokes a immune response

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19
Q

axillary nodes

A

lymph nodes in the armpit

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20
Q

B cell (B lymphocytes)

A

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

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21
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them

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22
Q

cervical nodes

A

lymph nodes in neck region

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23
Q

complement system

A

proteins in the blood that help antibodies and kill their target

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24
Q

cytokines

A

proteins secreted by antitoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction

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25
cytotoxin T cell (CD8+ T cell)
lymphocyte that directly kills antigens
26
dendritic cell
antigen-presenting cell, shows T and B cells what to attack
27
helper T cell (CD4+ T cell)
lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cell
28
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens, type of adaptive immunity
29
immunoglobulins
antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
30
immunotherapy
use of immune cells, antibodies, vaccines to treat/prevent disease
31
inguinal nodes
lymph nodes in groin region
32
interferons
proteins secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate immune response
33
interleukins
proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
34
interstitial fluid
fluid in spaces between cells becomes lymph in lymph capillaries
35
lymph capillaries
thinnest lymphatic vessels
36
lymph node
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue and lymph vessels
37
macrophage
large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
38
lymph vessels
carrier of lymph throughout the body
39
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the thoracic cavity
40
mesenteric nodes
lymph nodes in mesentery (intestine)
41
natural immunity
-protection that an individual is born with to fight infection -phagocytosis -macrophages -natural killer cells
42
paraaortic nodes
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar area of the body
43
plasma cell
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies matures from B lymphocytes
44
right lymphatic duct
vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right of the body, empties in large neck vein
45
spleen
organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs, activates lymphocytes & stores blood
46
supressor T cell (Treg)
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B & T cells
47
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produces chemical toxic to antigens
48
tolerance
ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly
49
thoracic duct
drains lymph from the lower and left side of body,empties into large veins in neck
50
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
51
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells
52
toxin
poison, a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
53
vaccination
exposure of an individual to an antigen that produces an immune response that will destroy any cell with the antigen and will protect against infection
54
immun/o
protection, immune
55
lymph/o
lymph
56
lymphaden/o
lymph node
57
splen/o
spleen
58
thym/o
thymus gland
59
tox/o
poison
60
ana-
again,anew
61
inter-
between
62
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
-destroys T helper cells (CD4+ cells) -opportunistic infections -malignancies (kaposi sarcoma, wasting syndrome)
63
reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI)
inhibit viral enzyme called reverse trancriptase
64
protease inhibitors
inhibit viral protolytic enzyme
65
high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
combination of RTI & protease inhibitors to treat AIDS
66
allergy
abnormal sensitivity acquired by exposure to antigen
67
lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
68
multiple myeloma
malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
69
thymoma
-tumor of the thymus gland -associated with myasthenia gravis -patients may have other immune disorders like lupus erythematous & rheumatoid arthritis
70
CD4+ cell count
measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream with patients with AIDS
71
ELISA test
detects anti-HIV antibodies, western blot given as follow-up
72
immunoelectrophoresis
separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD)
73
viral load test
measures the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in bloodstream
74
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
75
CD4+ cell
helper T cell
76
CD8+ cell
cytotoxic T cell
77
CMV
cytomegalovirus
78
Crypto
cryptocossus
79
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
80
HAART
highly active antiretroviral therapy
81
Histo
histoplasmosis
82
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
83
HSV
herpes simplex virus
84
IL38 to IL5
interleukins
85
KS
kaposi sarcoma
86
MAI
mycobacterium avian-intracellulare (MAI) complex
87
MoAB
monoclonal antibody
88
NHL
non-hodgkin lymphoma
89
PCP
pneumocystis pneumonia
90
PI
protease inhibitor
91
RTI
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
92
SCID
severe combines immunodeficiency disease
93
Treg
regulatory T cell (suppressor T cell)
94
Toxo
toxoplasmosis
95
-cytosis
condition of cells, slight increase in numbers
96
-edema
swelling
97
-phylaxis
protection
98
-poiesis
formation
99
-stitial
to set, pertaining to standing or positioned
100
-suppression
to stop
101
splenectomy
removal of spleen
102
splenomegaly
enlargement of spleen
103
lymphopoiesus
formation of lymph
104
lymphalentitis
inflammation of lymph glands (nodes)
105
lymphocytopenia
deficiency of lymph cells
106
lymphadenopathy
disease of lymph glands (nodes)
107
hypersplenism
syndrome marked by enlargement of the spleen and associated with anemia, leukopenia & thrombocytopenia
108
anaphylaxis
extraordinary hypersensitivity to a foreign protein, marked by hypertension, shock & respiratory disease
109
allergen
antigen capable of causing allergy (hypersensitivity)
110
AIDS disorder
disorder in which the immune system is suppressed by exposure to HIV
111
thymectomy
removal of a mediastinal organ
112
hodgkin lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the lymph nodes and spleen, Reed-Sternberg cells are in lymph nodes
113
lymphedema
swelling of tissues due to interstitial fluid accumulation
114
kaposi sarcoma (KS)
malignant condition associated with AIDS (purplish skin nodules appear)
115
HIV virus
retrovirus that causes AIDS
116
opportunistic infections
group of infectious diseases associated with AIDS
117
viral load test
measures the amount of HIV in blood
118
wasting syndrome
weight loss with decreased muscular strength, appetite & mental activity
119
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
drug used to treat AIDS by blocking an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
120
protease inhibitor (PI)
drug used to treat AIDS by blocking the production of an enzyme that creates new viral pieces for HIV
121
autoimmune diseases
chronic, disabling diseases caused by abnormal production of antibodies to normal tissue
122
atopy
hypersensitivity or allergic state with an inherited predisposition

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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