Chapter 14

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of how people think about (stereotypes/prejudice), influence (conformity, persuasion), and relate to (aggression, liking and loving) one another

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

a culturally shared idea or expectation about how to behave. An example of social influence

Question 3

Jonestown, Guyana Massacre/ Mass Suicide (1978)

Answer 3

Powerful, serious example of social influence - Rev. Jim Jones, leader of the Peoples Temple, and the Jonestown mess suicide—mass murder, according to many—involving over 900 men, women, and children

Question 4

Heaven’s Gate Cult Mass Suicide, San Diego, CA, 1997

Answer 4

Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles, husband and wife leaders of the Heaven’s Gate cult, where 39 members killed themselves

Question 5

Lewin’s study of leadership values

Answer 5

behavior = (person, situation), which is read as “behavior is a function of the person and the situation.” Both influence behavior

Question 6

Conformity and Asch’s line-length study of conformity

Answer 6

people conform to be liked by others (to fir in and be accepted) and to be “right or correct” in their behavior

Question 7

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study

Answer 7

Students who became guards began to take on the role as one and started to treat the students who were the prisoners with disrespect and took on the role of an authority figure

Question 8

Jane Elliot’s 3rd-grade classroom demonstration of prejudice and discrimination

Answer 8

Blue eyed vs. browned eyed children. At first, the blue-eyed children were told that they were superior to children with brown eyes. They then were told to separate themselves from the brown-eyed children and to not acknowledge them. The results: children with blue eyes bullied the ones with brown eyes. Proof that racism and discrimination are taught.

Question 9

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 9

can also change our attitudes through the pressure of cognitive dissonance that arises when we perceive an inconsistency between two cognition/beliefs or between our beliefs and our behavior

Question 10

Attitudes

Answer 10

are multidimensional—they have emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components mentioned above. They’re important because they often influence our behavior, especially if: The attitude is strong and easily comes to mind and. The person is low in self monitoring—is truer to oneself (guided by their beliefs) rather than looking for cues from others as to how to be or behave, which is self monitoring

Question 11

Attitudes (again)

Answer 11

relatively stable organization of feelings (affect/emotion), behavior (B) tendencies, and beliefs (cognitions), directed toward something or someone… the so called ABCs of attitudes

Question 12

How to reduce dissonance?

Answer 12

Change one’s attitude