Chapter 14 Flashcards by Michelle Sifuentes

As a rule after the burglar is inside the structure __________need be committed for the legal elements of the crime to be met.

no additional felony

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The UCR uses three classifications of burglary forcible entry, ______________ and attempted forcible entry.

unlawful entry or no force used

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Some burglaries occur at night typically between __________.

7pm and 12pm

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Although burglaries of multi family homes are the most numerous, _____________ are at a higher risk.

single family houses

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Burglary rates are the highest in _______ and the lowest in February.

August

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Burglaries most often strike on weekdays from 10am-11am and from _______.

1-3pm

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Burglars select targets based on a number of key factors:

familiarity w/target and convenience of location
Occupancy
Visibility and surveillability
Accessibility
Vulnerability or security
Potential rewards

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Few burglars keep the goods they steal, they typically dispose of stolen property within _____usually after stashing it in a semi public location.

24 hours

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Might travel a broad geographical area in search for stealing. Many such persons resort to more personal contact with victims such as purse snatching muggings or even robbery. Is sometimes armed and can pose a serious threat to communities in which he/she operates

Amateur burglar

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Burglary is when a person knowingly _________ in a building or structure belonging to another for the purpose of committing a crime therein.

breaks or remains

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Commonly relies on the expert use of tools, typically drive trucks or vans which conceal and transport their tools. Great deal of time in planning to avoid detection

Professional burglar

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As a rule on burglary calls the first officer to receive the call will assume responsibility for ________ of assisting officers

placement

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Is a person who buys and sells stolen property with criminal intent

Fence

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May operate from an otherwise legitimate business such as a pawnshop or used furniture store

Professional fence

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A category of untraceable goods, such as tools, liquor, and clothing that are indistinguishable from others like them

Fungible goods

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Anything stolen valued under $200

simple larceny

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Takes and carries away the personal property of another without consent and with intent to steal

Larceny

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Frauds lasted an average of _____ before being detected

18 months

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The schemes themselves violate Nigerian criminal code

Nigerian letter or “419” fraud

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The use of fictitious checks drawn on a nonexistent firm or person consists of drawing cash in accounts made up of uncollected funds.

Check kiting

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Low profile crime that typically consists of employees of organizations stealing large amounts of money over a long period of time. It can be described as a fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom that property has been entrusted.

Embezzlement

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The element of _____ is critical in establishing the crime of embezzlement

trust

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Embezzlers usually prefer to steal _____ because it is both difficult to trace and easy to conceal

cash

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Stealing of merchandise by a company’s employees. Many companies consider this shrinkage, an unexplained loss

Pilferage

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__________ have experience with stolen credit cards are careful to purchase items under the designated limit typically $50-100

Plastic workers

An ___________steals merchandise for his or her own use

Amateur shoplifter

The professional often works in groups of _______ and often victimizes several shopping areas at a time.

three or four

Sometimes called _________ professional shoplifters resell stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences.

Boosters or heels

Most shoplifters are amateur pilferers called ______ usually do not perceive themselves as thieves are systematic shoplifters who steak merchandise for their own use

Snitches

Shoplifting can be investigated in two ways:

1. Reactive-interview of witnesses | 2. Proactive-shoplifter caught in the act by in house security

Retailers are concerned about gangs that have established supply chains that make organized theft know as ________.

"Boosting"

Is a special kind of larceny which involves obtaining credit, merchandise, or services by fraudulent personal representation.

Identity theft

Identity theft became a federal crime in 1998 with the passage of the ______________. Under this act the FTC is empowered to act as a nationwide clearinghouse for information related to ID theft crimes

Identity theft and Assumption Deterrence Act

The law makes identity theft a crime whenever anyone _______________ without lawful authority a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit aid or abet any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of federal law or felony under any applicable state or local law

knowingly transfers or uses

As the use of technology to store and transmit information ________ so too will identity theft

increases

The average age of identity theft victims was ______ and the most commonly reported age was 33 years.

42 years

The greatest number of identity theft complaints came from California, New York, Texas and ________.

Florida

The ______ mandate is to prohibit unfair or deceptive acts or practices and to promote vigorous competition in the marketplace. The act also gives jurisdiction over cross border consumer transactions (central database)

FTC

Those who commit identity theft are generally after __________ information that can be used for monetary gain.

Personal and confidential

A practice whereby the thief positions himself near a victim to obtain personal information by overhearing the victim or seeing the victims actions. (May listen to telephone conversation)

Shoulder surfing

Electronic lifting of data encoded on a valid credit or ATM card and transferring that data to a counterfeit card

Skimming

A proper investigative response to ID theft will include:

1. Develop a standardized procedure for taking reports 2. Initiate criminal investigations of ID reports 3. Prosecute violators 4. Cooperate with other agencies 5. Assist victims by providing helpful info

UCR defines motor vehicle as a ___________ vehicle that runs on the ground and not on rails, includes automobiles motorcycles bicycles trucks motor scooters buses and snowmobiles

self propelled

A non profit insurance organization committing to combating vehicle theft and insurance fraud

National insurance crime bureau (NICB)

2010 national top 10 vehicles stolen:

1. Honda Accord (94) 2. Honda civic (95) 3. Toyota Camry (91) 4. Chevrolet pickup full size (99) 5. Ford f150 (97) 6. Dodge ram (04) 7. Dodge caravan (00) 8. Acura integra (94) 9. Ford explorer (02) 10. Ford Taurus (99)

Individual car components in high demand are _____________ which are often stolen for illegal export to central and South America or Europe

"Tuners" or "street racers"

Top 10 metro areas w/ highest auto theft rates:

1. Modesto California 2. Bakersfield-Delano California 3. Spokane Washington 4. Vallejo-Fairfield California 5. Sacramento/Arden-arcade/Roseville California 6. Stockton California 7. Visalia porter California 8. San Francisco/Oakland/Fremont California 9. Yakima Washington

Motivations for auto theft:

1. Joyriding- premier motivation for auto theft, primarily juv offenders 2. Theft for resale 3. Transportation for other crimes 4. Stripping and chop shop operations

Where stolen vehicles are disposed off, typically a private garage in an unpopulated residential area of town

Stripping operations

Involve larger garages and deal in larger quantities of goods. Can house both stolen vehicle and the tin truck inside building. Remove any identifying numbers from the remains of vehicles left behind after the valued parts have been removed

Chop shops

The auto parts transport vehicle

Tin truck

Vehicle owner lies about the theft of his vehicle and orchestrates its destruction to collect insurance money

Owner give ups

Owners who's vehicle need extensive repair will report vehicle stolen and hide it for 30 days, long enough for insurance company to settle claim

30 day specials

Owner obtains an insurance policy then reports it stolen, after it is legally shipped overseas to be sold on the black market. Owner then collects insurance proceeds and oversea profits

Export fraud

Creates a phony title or registration to secure insurance on a non existent vehicle. Reports vehicle stolen before filing a fraudulent insurance claim. Often times antique or luxury vehicles for larger insurance settlements

Phantom vehicles

The primary purpose of the VIN is for ______________.

identification and registration

Before _____ VIN locations varied, now all American made automobiles are assembled with VIN plate, visible through windshield on drivers side of door.

1968

VIN's can also be found on a ______________located on the driver's door on the door post

Federal safety certification label

Certain luxury automobiles have their VINs affixed to the ______________.

left side windshield post

Before 1981 VIN numbering systems varied, since the standard __________ was adopted.

17 character VIN

The ninth character in the VIN is called the ________. It may be a number or a letter, it is derived mathematically from other characteristics in the VIN to reveal coding and recording errors

Check digit

17 digit vin represents:

1. Nation of origin 2. Manufacturer 3. Make 4. Restraint system 5. 6. 7.Car line series and body type 8. Engine description 9. Check digit 10. Model year 11. Assembly plant location 12/13/14/15/16/17. Sequential production numbers

Beginning in _____ us automobile manufacturers have placed a portion of VIN on other areas of the vehicle such as engine and transmission

1968

Involves the thief purchasing a wrecked vehicle that is unrepairable strictly for its certificate of title and for the VIN

Salvage switch

Replace the original vin with a phony one. VIN is stamped on a label and spray painted and placed over the original VIN

The modified VIN technique

Construct a completely bogus VIN that closely resembles the original

Bogus vin

Thin easily obtainable piece of metal or aluminum that is notched at both ends. Thief slides tool in small crevice between door and door frame

Slim Jim

Tool is also referred to as a dent puller or slam puller. Is inserted by screwing the tip into the key way

Slide hammer

Lock cap is removed extractor is attached and turned to remove the lock can then be started with a screw driver

Ignition extractor

This tool is placed over the lock and tapped after removal of the lock cap ratchet is turned destroying the lock mechanism

Force tool

These tools enable entry into a single key vehicle. Door lock is pulled, code number from that lock is obtained and a new key is made

Key cutter code book and blank keys

Completed or attempted robbery of a motor vehicle by a stranger to the victim

Carjacking

Enacted in 1992 made armed auto theft a federal offense

The anti-car theft act

In 1994 the passage of the violent crime control and law enforcement act made carjacking resulting in ______ a federal crime punishable by death

death

The national auto theft bureau estimates that _____ of all vehicles reported stolen are fraudulent claims

15 percent

The _______ role is to implement policies for the prevention of vehicle theft. Publishes passenger ID manuals that interpret characters in the vehicles VIN

National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB)

What are the main categories of embezzlement?

Theft of currency (most common type) Manipulation of accounts Retail theft/pilferage

Women were ______ more likely to be victims of identity fraud than men in 2008

26 percent

__________ detached houses are often attractive targets with greater rewards and more difficult to secure because they have multiple access points

Single family

Compared with nonburglarized houses those previously targeted are up to _______more likely to be burglarized; any subsequent burglary is most likely to occur within six weeks of initial crime

four times

Most retail and residential burglars are ________who commit a variety of predatory crimes

young men

Most retail burglaries occur at night or on ________ when stores are closed

weekends

Unless burglars are caught in the act they are ________ to detect. Clearance rate is lowest for 8 UCR index crimes

very difficult

Experience has shown that most burglars are convicted on _____________.

Circumstantial evidence

The UCR defines larceny theft as the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or ________ of property from the possession or constructive possession if another

Riding away

The most common behavioral red flags displayed by the perpetrators in our study were living behind their means (43%) and ____________(36%)

experiencing financial difficulties

Records from credit card transactions have provided law enforcement with a twofold benefit: the apprehension of the fraudulent credit card user and ________ that often point to other crimes

accurate records

The professional shoplifter often works in groups of _______ and victimizes several shopping areas at a time

3 or 4

According to the UCR the crime of motor vehicle theft includes trains, airplanes, bulldozers ,most farm and construction machinery, ships, boats, and _________.

space craft

Chapter 14 Flashcards

(89 cards)