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AP Psychology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psych

A

study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution Theory

A

we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the person’s stable traits (dispositional attribution) or because of the situation (situation attribution)

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3
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

you believe that your behavior changes with the situation but not others’.

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4
Q

Attitudes

A

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

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5
Q

Central Route to Persuasion

A

people focus on the arguments

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6
Q

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

A

people are influenced by incidental cues such as the speaker’s attractiveness.

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7
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to something small to comply later to a larger request.

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8
Q

Role Playing

A

given a higher position, then act accordingly

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9
Q

Zimbardo

A

prison experiment; some guards, some prisoners; showed hoe perceived role could affect behavior

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10
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

when attitudes and actions don’t match, we try to change attitudes to match

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11
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

unconsciously mimic others

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12
Q

Mood Linkage

A

sharing up and down moods in order to empathize

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13
Q

Asch

A

conformity; confederates answered wrong, volunteer did too bc others did

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14
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting behaviors or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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15
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

conform to avoid rejection or gain social approval

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16
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

conform to be accurate; ex) in a groups, agree with others bc two heads better than one

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17
Q

Milgram

A

studied obedience; shock tests; tell volunteer to shock when other answers wrong, obeyed

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18
Q

Obedience

A

highest when:
1-the person giving orders seemed like a legitimate authority figure
2- victim was depersonalized/ in another room
3- no role models for defiance

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19
Q

Milgram Controversy

A

unethical bc stressed and decieved volunteers

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20
Q

Milgram Lessons

A

average person can harm others

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21
Q

Social Facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

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22
Q

Social Loafing

A

diminished effort when in a group

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23
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and aonymity

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24
Q

Group Polarization

A

beliefs and attitudes we bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them with like minded others

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25
Groupthink
mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
26
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative BELIEF towards a group and its members
27
Explicit Associations
?? conscious relation of two items
28
Implicit Associations
?? unconscious relation of two items
29
Gender Prejudice
people believe men are smarter than women
30
Just-World Phenomenon
belief that the world is fair and people therefore get what they deserve; karma
31
Prejudice
unjustifiable negative ATTITUDE towards a group and its members. -combo of stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings,and a predisposition to discriminatory actions
32
Stereotype
an overgeneralized belief about a group of people (example)
33
Ingroup Bias
tendency to favor our own group
34
Other-Race Effect
recall faces of one's own races more accurrately than faces of other races
35
Blame-the-Victim Phenomenon
place blame on the vivtim; "she was asking for it because of what she was wearing"
36
Aggression
any physical or verbal behavior meant to hurt or destroy
37
Criminal Lobe
reduced frontal lobe stimulation
38
Frustration- Aggression Principle
frustration (blocking of an attempt to reach a goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression
39
Modeling
learn aggression by watching others
40
Social Scripts
culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
41
Rape Myth
those who watch more porn are more likely to believe that women like to be raped
42
Video Game Violence
play violent video game= become more aggressive
43
Biopsychosocial Approach
Bio- testosterone Psych- frustration, dominating behavior Social- deindividuation, minimal father involvement, exposure to violent video games
44
Mere Exposure Effect
you like something the more you are exposed to it
45
Who we like
those similar to us
46
Bystander Effect
tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if others are present
47
Kitty Genovese
no one helped (bystander effect) caused altruism studies
48
Altruism
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
49
Diffusion of Responsibility
person less likely to take responsibility for an event when others were present
50
Schachter Two-Factor Theory
arousal + label = emotion
51
Social Exchange Theory
self interest is the basis of human interaction; maximize benefits and minimize costs
52
Reciprocity Norm
people help those who have helped them
53
Social- Responsibility Norm
people will help those dependent on them
54
Conflict
perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas; include social traps and distorted perceptions
55
Social Trap
situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their own self interest, both become involved in mutually destructive behavior
56
Self- Fulfilling Prophecy
a prediction about an event that a person believes will come true so they work to make it that way
57
Superordinate Goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
58
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction; strategy designed to decrease international tensions; compromise
59
Personality
??
60
Regression
act a younger age
61
Projection
hypocrite
62
Law of Arousal
Yerkes- Dodson; hard task= low arousal and easy task= high arousal
63
Relative Deprivation
perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
64
Need
food; physical neccessity
65
Drive
hunger; fill the need
66
Appetite Hormones
"GO" eat- Grhelin (stomach) and Orexin (thalamus) cause hunger. Leptin decreases hunger
67
G factor
general intelligence factor
68
Emotional Intellence
ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
69
Cognitive Psych
study how we think, perceive and solve problems; thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating
70
Protoype
mental image or best example of a category; quick and easy method for sorting items into categories; ex) a robin is a prototype for birds
71
Category
?? a collection of things that are similar to one another
72
Stages of Language
- babbling - one word - two word, telegraphic - complete sentences
73
Explicit Memory
memory of facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare
74
Implicit Memory
retention without conscious recollection
75
Iconic Memory
momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
76
Echoic Memory
momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
77
Ebbinghaus' Retention Curve
remember better with rehersal
78
Generalization
tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned response
79
N/CS Pairing
N should be 1/2 sec before CS
80
Instinctive Drift
??
81
Absolute Threshold
minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
82
Relative Size
two objects far away, the one with a smaller retinal image is farther away
83
Developmental Psych
studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout lifespan; womb to tomb
84
Piaget
Sensorimotor (senses and actions), preoperational (words and images), concrete operational (logic), formal operational (abstract reasoning)
85
Erikson
?? teens= identity vs role confusion
86
Kohlberg
Preconventional (punishment), conventional (social and laws), postconventional (ethics)
87
Medulla
base of brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
88
Cerebellum
"little brain"; processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
89
Amygdala
linked to emotion/ aggression
90
Thalamus
directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla

AP Psychology (5 decks)

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