Chapter 14

Question 1

volume of a given amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure

Answer 1

Boyle’s law

Question 2

volume of a given mass of gas in directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure

Answer 2

Charles’s law

Question 3

pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature when volume remains constant

Answer 3

Gay-Lussac’s law

Question 4

relationships among pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas

Answer 4

combined gas law

Question 5

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

Answer 5

Avogadro’s principle

Question 6

(for a gas) is the volume that one mole occupies at 0.00 degrees Celsius and 1.00 atm pressure

Answer 6

molar volume

Question 7

Represents an experimentally determined constant

Answer 7

Ideal gas constant

Question 8

Describes physical behavior of an ideal gas in terms of the P, C, T, and number of molecules of gas

Answer 8

Ideal gas law

Question 9

Boyle’s law relates ________ and ______ if ___________ and amount of gas are held constant

Answer 9

pressure, volume, temperature

Question 10

Charles’s law relates ___________ and ______ if ________ and amount of gas are held constant

Answer 10

temperature, volume, pressure

Question 11

Gay-Lussac’s law relates __________ and ________ if ______ and amount of gas are held constant

Answer 11

temperature, pressure, volume

Question 12

the room temperature increases from 20 degrees C to 24 degrees Celsius. What happens to the pressure inside a cylinder of oxygen contained in the room?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

what happens to the pressure of the gas in an inflated expandable balloon if the temperature is increased?

Answer 13

stays the same

Question 14

an aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room. What happens to the pressure of the gas if the temperature stays constant?

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

the volume of air in human lungs increases before it is exhaled. What happens to the temperature of the air in the lungs to cause this change, assuming pressure stays constant?

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

a leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator. What happens to the volume of air in the bag?

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

what happens to the pressure of a gas in a light bulb a few minutes after the light is turned on?

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

the variable that stays constant when using the combined gas law is

Answer 18

amount of gas

Question 19

the equation for the combined gas law can be used instead of which of the following equations?

Answer 19

all of these

Question 20

which of the following expresses Avogadro’s principle?

Answer 20

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

Question 21

what is the standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

Answer 21

1.00 atm pressure, 273 K

Question 22

what is the molar volume of a gas equal to STP?

Answer 22

22.4 L

Question 23

why is the mathematical relationship among the amount, volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas called the ideal gas law?

Answer 23

best for ideal gases, with less attraction between particles in a smaller volume

Question 24

define the ideal gas constant, R

Answer 24

R is constant relating pressure, volume, amount, and temperature for a gas sample

Question 25

why does R have different numerical values?

Answer 25

numerical value of R depends on what unit is used for the variable of pressure

Question 26

what variable is considered in the ideal gas law that is not considered in the combined gas law?

Answer 26

n, number of moles of gas

Question 27

an ideal gas is one whose particles take up space

Answer 27

false

Question 28

at low temperatures, ideal gases liquefy

Answer 28

false

Question 29

in the real world, gases consisting of small molecules are the only gases that are truly ideal

Answer 29

false

Question 30

most gases behave like ideal gases at many temperatures and pressures

Answer 30

true

Question 31

no intermolecular attractive forces exist in an ideal gas

Answer 31

true

Question 32

nonpolar gas molecules behave more like ideal gases than do gas molecules that are polar

Answer 32

true

Question 33

real gases deviate most from ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures

Answer 33

true

Question 34

the smaller the gas molecule, the more the gas behaves like an ideal gas

Answer 34

true

Question 35

the number of moles of a gas is equal to the ____ divided by the __________

Answer 35

mass, molar mass

Question 36

density if defined as ____ per unit ______

Answer 36

mass, volume

Question 37

to solve for M in the equation M =mRT over PV, the ____ and the ______ of the gas must be known

Answer 37

mass, volume

Question 38

according to the equation D = MP OVER RT, the __________ of the gas must be known when calculating density

Answer 38

molar mass