Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides

Question 1

are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?

Answer 1

weak acids

Question 2

what are three common characteristic of carboxylic acids?

Answer 2

have sour or tart taste
produce hydronium ions in water
and neutralize bases

Question 3

what does a carboxylic acid look like in condensed structure and completely condensed structure?

Answer 3

Question 4

what is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid called?

Answer 4

benzoic acid

Question 5

what prefixes do carboxylic acids have in common with aldehydes?

Answer 5

form, acet, propion, butyr

formic acid
acetic acid
propionic acid
butyric acid

Question 6

where can you find formic acid?

Answer 6

injected under skin from bee, red ant stings, other insect bites

Question 7

where can you find acetic acid?

Answer 7

oxidation product of ethanol in wines and apple cider

Question 8

what is vinegar made of?

Answer 8

solution of acetic acid and water

Question 9

where can you find butyric acid?

Answer 9

foul odor to rancid butter

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

why would carboxylic acids be more polar than aldehydes or ketones or most other organic compounds?

Answer 14

they have two polar functional groups (OH) and (C=O)

Question 15

are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

Answer 15

1-5 carbons yes
6 only slightly
7 or more insoluble

Question 16

what is the solubility of benzoic acid in water?

Answer 16

slightly soluble

Question 17

what is the solubility of pentanoic acid in water?

Answer 17

soluble

Question 18

what is the solubility of hexanoic acid in water?

Answer 18

slightly soluble

Question 19

when carboxylic acids disassociate in water, what is produced?

Answer 19

a Hydrogen from the OH of the carboxylic acid leaves to bind with water molecule. this leaves the O from the OH of the carboxylic acid with a negative charge and produces H3O
name changes from ending in “oic” to “ate”

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

what completely neutralizes carboxylic acids?

Answer 21

strong bases
(carboxylic acids are weak acids)

Question 22

what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base?

Answer 22

carboxylate salt and water

Question 23

what would be the product of these reactions?

Answer 23

Question 24

what are carboxylic salts commonly used for?

Answer 24

preservatives and flavor enhancers in soups and seasonings

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

what is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

Answer 30

ester and water

Question 31

what is the general smell/flavor of esters?

Answer 31

pleasant aromas and flavors of fruits

Question 32

what is esterification? what is its other name?

Answer 32

synthesis
the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst (eliminates a water molecule to get this product)

Question 33

what is the product of this reaction?

Answer 33

Question 34

what does butanoic acid and methanol react to produce? What kind of equation is this?

Answer 34

esterification equation

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

how would you name this ester?

Answer 36

Question 37

Name these three esters

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 45

when an ester reacts with water in the presence of an acid or a base

Question 46

what are the reactants and product of an ester during acidic hydrolysis?

Answer 46

an ester + water -> forms a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Question 47

what would this reaction produce?

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

what are the products from the acid hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate)?

Answer 49

propanoic acid and ethanol (propionic acid and ethyl alcohol)

Question 50

what are the reactants and products of an ester during basic hydrolysis (saponification)?

Answer 50

ester + strong base -> salt of acid (carboxylate salt) + alcohol

Question 51

what would this reaction be considered? what would be produced?

Answer 51

basic hydrolysis

Question 52

what is the name of esterification done under basic conditions?

Answer 52

saponification

Question 53

Answer 53

Question 54

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

what is one characteristic of amines that sets them apart from all other carbonyl/ functioning groups?

Answer 56

they are basic/alkaline instead of neutral

Question 57

what would primary amines look like?

Answer 57

Question 58

what would secondary amines look like?

Answer 58

Question 59

what would tertiary amines look like?

Answer 59

Question 60

what would quaternary amines look like?

Answer 60

Question 61

what is the name of an aromatic amine? what does it look like?

Answer 61

aniline

Question 62

what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving the ionization in water?

Answer 62

Amine (base) + water (acid) -> conjugate acid + conjugate base (OH-)

Question 63

what are the reactants and products of amines that result in a reaction involving neutralization?

Answer 63

amine + acid -> salt (neutralized salt)

Question 64

what does an amide look like?

Answer 64

Question 65

what are two characteristics that make amines and amides different?

Answer 65

amides have a double bond with oxygen, amines do not
amines are basic, amides are not

Question 66

how are amides synthesized?

Answer 66

amine + carboxylic acid -> amide + H2O

Question 67

what would this reaction produce if given heat?

Answer 67

Question 68

Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?

Answer 68

neutralization to produce ammonium salt

Question 69

Hydrolysis of amides can occur in acidic or basic conditions, which is this reaction? what does it produce?

Answer 69

Question 70

Read pg 498 and do hw for 4.5 and 4.6