Chapter 9 solutions Flashcards by Rey Rodriguez

Q

what is the difference between a solute and solvent?

A

solute is mixed within the solvent
a solvent makes up the larger amount

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Q

what kind of polarity is necessary for a solution? for a heterogenous mixture?

A

solution: polar solvent +polar solute
polar solvent + ionic compound
nonpolar solvent + nonpolar solute

heterogenous mixture: nonpolar solvent + polar solute
polar solvent + nonpolar solute

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Q

When electrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

A

the process of dissociation separates them into ions forming solutions that conduct electricity

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Q

when nonelectrolytes dissolve in water, what happens?

A

they do not separate into ions and their solutions do not conduct electricity

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Q

A

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Q

how many Eq in 1 mol of Ca?

A

Ca has a possible charge of 2+ so it will have:
2 eq / 1 mol

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Q

how many eq in 1 mol of Lithium?

A

1 eq Li+ / 1 mol Li+

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Q

how many equivalents in sulfate?

A

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1
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2
6

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Q

how do you find molarity of a solution?

A

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Q

solubility of solid salts increases or decreases with increase of temperature?

A

increase in solubility with increase temp.

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Q

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase in temperature?

A

decrease solubility with increase in temp.

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Q

solubility of gasses in H2O increase or decrease with increase of pressure?

A

increase solubility with increase in pressure (Henry’s Law)

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Q

how do you find mass percent?

A

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Q

how do you find volume percent?

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how do you find mass/volume percent?

what is the separation aspect of solution?

can pass through filters and semipermeable membranes

what is the separation aspect of colloids?

cannot pass through semipermeable membranes but can pass through filters

what is the separation aspect of suspensions?

cannot pass through semipermeable membrane or through filter

what is the flow gradient of osmotic pressure?

water molecules move through semipermeable membrane from the solution with lower concentration of solute into a solution with a higher solute concentration (water wants to dilute high solute containing solution to maintain equilibrium)

what are the two most typical types of isotonic solutions?

0.9 g NaCl / 100 ml solution 5 g glucose / 100 ml solution

what does a hypotonic solution cause to a blood cell?

hemolysis (blood cell swells with water)

what does a hypertonic solution cause to a blood cell?

crenation (water flows out of the cell into the hypertonic solution)

what does the term dialysis refer to?

is a way to separate solution particles from colloids solution particles can pass through a semipermeable membrane bag, leaving colloids within the membrane bag

what is a dilution?

a solvent, usually water, is added to a solution, which increases the volume

what formula to use for finding molarity of a diluted solution?

do all homework from chapter 9.5

what three things make a strong electrolyte?

strong acid, strong base, and soluble salts

how do strong electrolytes disassociate?

disassociate completely into ions

what three things make a weak electrolyte?

weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble salts

how do weak electrolytes disassociate?

they disassociate very little 1-5%

what are nonelectrolytes made up of?

gases and organic molecules (contain carbon and hydrogen)

how do nonelectrolytes disassociate?

they do not disassociate into ions at all