Chapter 14: Diseases and disorders not built from word parts

Question 1

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 1

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine (also called strumpell-marie arthritis or disease, or rheumatoid spondylitis)

Question 2

bunion

Answer 2

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. it is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes

Question 3

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 3

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve; symptoms include pain and tingling in portions of the hand and fingers

Question 4

compartment syndrome

Answer 4

painful condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle that can lead to ischemia; acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency and is caused by severe injury

Question 5

dislocation

Answer 5

displacement of bones in a joint from their normal alignment (also called luxation)

Question 6

extosis

Answer 6

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called spur)

Question 7

fracture (fx)

Answer 7

broken bone

Question 8

ganglion cyst

Answer 8

collection of jellylike fluid forming a benign mass arising from joints, most commonly appearing in the wrist, hand, and ankle

Question 8

gout

Answer 8

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi_ to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis. the great toe is frequently affected

Question 9

herniated disk

Answer 9

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk, or herniated nucleus pulposus)

Question 10

lyme disease

Answer 10

infection caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterium provokes and immune response in the body, the symptoms of which can mimic several musculoskeletal diseases. Patients may experience fever, headache, and joint pain. A rash (target lesion) may initially arise at the site of the tick bite.

Question 11

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 11

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from the nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx, and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists.

Question 11

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Answer 11

cumulative damage to joint, muscle, or other tissue caused by movements performed over and over again; characterized by pain, swelling, numbness, and lack of strength and flexibility, most commonly affecting the hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders

Question 11

plantar fascitis

Answer 11

inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot (plantar fascia) due to repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain

Question 12

osteoporosis

Answer 12

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma (occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women)

Question 12

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 12

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

Question 13

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 13

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in connective tissue throughout the body

Question 14

rotator cuff disease

Answer 14

damage to one ore more of the four tendons stabilizing the shoulder joint due to injury or degeneration; symptoms may include pain, limited range ofm otion, and muscle weakness

Question 14

spinal stenosis

Answer 14

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. The condition is either congenital or due to spinal degeneration.

symptoms are pain radiating to the thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities

Question 14

strain

Answer 14

abnormal stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Question 15

spondylolisthesis

Answer 15

forward slipping of one vertebra over another.

Question 16

sprain

Answer 16

abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint

Question 17

subluxation

Answer 17

partial dislocation of bones in a joint

Question 18

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 18

painful foot disorder caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the ankle