Chapter 14 European Exploration and Conquest 1450-1650

Question 1

Indian Ocean Trade increased because of

Answer 1

economic growth in China

Question 2

Marco Polo

Answer 2

• made people want to go to the New World, he and Great Khan grew

Question 3

gold was from ___ and sold to ___

Answer 3

west africa, north america

Question 4

genoa sought

Answer 4

slaves from the west after the closing of the black sea

Question 5

slaves were practiced in

Answer 5

practiced in africa, then europe

Question 6

most slaves were

Answer 6

girls

Question 7

slaves were sold in

Answer 7

Western Mediterranean ports

Question 8

caravel and sternpost rudder

Answer 8

2-3 masted sailing ship, good manuvering for long distances

Question 9

compass

Answer 9

• brought to west in late middle ages

Question 10

dead reckoning

Answer 10

• used to determine course of a voyage

Question 11

celestial reckoning

Answer 11

could determined latitude at sea using a specially designed astrolabe

Question 12

Prince Henry “The Navigator”

Answer 12

• supported Portuguese voyages, marked the beginning of European overseas expansion
• found first African commercial settlement

Question 13

Pope Nicholas V

Answer 13

Catholic, gave Portugal the rights to enslave non-Christians

Question 14

What did the Portuguese want in Africa?

Answer 14

• wanted quick money instead of establishing settlements to control lives, just inserted selves into pre-existing trade systems

Question 15

Vasco da Gama

Answer 15

• rounded the Cape
• arab guide helped him
• went to lisbon with spices, proving he traded with the cape route

Question 16

Columbus was from

Answer 16

Genoa

Question 17

Columbus was convinced that

Answer 17

he was going to pass islands of Japan and land in the east coast of China

Question 18

Christopher liked that the Taino people had

Answer 18

gold

Question 19

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 19

Florentine navigator who wrote Mundus Novus, the first document to describe America separate from Asia

Question 20

Spain had conflicts with

Answer 20

Portugal

Question 21

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 21

• spain: west
• portugal: east
  in favor of portuguese, had Africa so brought slavery

Question 22

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Answer 22

expedition on coast of Brazil

Question 23

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 23

sent by Charles V to find a sea roue to spices of Southeast Asia, named the Pacific Ocean. Was not pacific. Magellan inspired Spain to focus on exploiting New World Territories.

Question 24

Jan Hus (ref)

Answer 24

criticized Catholic church

Question 25

northern european nations competed for a

Answer 25

northwest passage to the Indies

Question 26

John Cabot

Answer 26

1497 Venetian merchant in London, got support to find said nw passage to Indies, did not find

Question 27

Martin Frobisher

Answer 27

did not find gold or silver

Question 28

french crown tried to also find a

Answer 28

westward passage to Asia

Question 29

Jacques Cartier

Answer 29

- "la chine" - were unsuccessfu, but traded furs w Canada

Question 30

northern europeans took the

Answer 30

northern american atlantic coastline

Question 31

Hernan Cortes and fall of Aztec Empire

Answer 31

- attacked Aztec Empire under Emperor Moctezuma II's rule - spain and tlaxcala allied against the Aztec empire, Tenochtitlan falls

Question 32

Francisco Pizarro and the fall of the Incas

Answer 32

- incas were already weak due to civil war and smallpox - was a Christian conquistador - established division and political weakness

Question 33

portuguese established new form of colonization

Answer 33

- large plantations by enslaved people

Question 34

powhatan confederacy

Answer 34

hated the colony of virginia, composed of native americans

Question 35

English vs Spain beliefs

Answer 35

England: only hugged Atlantic coastline, didn't want indigenous people to be associated with them Spain: conquered indigenous empires and forced population groups to be lin labor systems and pay tribute

Question 36

Charles I New Laws

Answer 36

- limited encomienda holders' violence - if you were indigenous, Christian, and accepted Spanish rule, you were a free subject

Question 37

why did transatlantic slave trade occur?

Answer 37

need for laborers

Question 38

english colonies were

Answer 38

less likely to free children from slavery if they fathered with females

Question 39

slaves died from

Answer 39

- dysentery - crowding - lack of hygiene

Question 40

dutch and portugal

Answer 40

spice war