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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

primary sex organs (aka gonads)

A

testes

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2
Q

secondary sex organs

A

penis, scrotum, and duct system (epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, and urethra)

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3
Q

accessory glands

A

prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands

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4
Q

perineum

A

diamond-shaped region between the thighs

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5
Q

bulbourethral

A

pertaining to the bulbous penis and urethra

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6
Q

ductus (vas) deferens

A

tube that receives sperm from the epididymis

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7
Q

epididymis

A

coiled tube attached to testes

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8
Q

gonad

A

(greek: seed) testis or ovary

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9
Q

scrotum

A

sac containing the testes

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10
Q

seminal vesicle

A

sac of the vas deferens that produces seminal fluid

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11
Q

testicle

A

one of the male reproductive glands

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12
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine from bladder to outside

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13
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

serous membrane that covers each testis

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14
Q

inside the testis: (4)

A

250 lobules, 3 or 4x seminiferous tubules, germ cells to produce semen, interstitial cells

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15
Q

androgens

A

type of hormone produced by interstitial cells of the testis

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16
Q

testosterone

A

main androgen produced by the testis

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17
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process of production of spermatozoa

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18
Q

spermatozoa

A

“sperm”

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19
Q

puberty causes: (3)

A

enlargement of the testes, scrotum, and penis; development of pubic, axillary, body, and facial hair; secretion of sebum in skin (causing acne)

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20
Q

testosterone stimulates: (4)

A

spermatogenesis, development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty, burst of growth during puberty, libido (sex drive)

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21
Q

spermatic cord is made up of: (5)

A

an artery, a plexus of veins, nerves, a thin muscle, and the vas deferens

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22
Q

inguinal canal

A

groin

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23
Q

segments of the sperm’s head (3)

A

nucleus (23 chromosomes), cap (enzymes to penetrate egg), basal body

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24
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate

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25
plexus
web-like network of joined nerves
26
spermatogenesis
process by which male germ cells differentiate into sperm
27
tunica vaginalis
sheath of testis and epididymus
28
pathway of sperm
(SEVEN UP) Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas (ductus) deferens Ejaculatory duct Nothing Urethra Penis
29
Testicular Torsion
twist of testis on spermatic cord, cut off blood supply
30
Varicocele
veins in spermatic cord become dilated and painful (similar to varicose veins), treated with surgery
31
Hydrocele
collection of excess fluid between visceral and parietal layers of tunica vaginalis, diagnosed using transillumination, treated with aspiration of fluid via needle
32
Spermatocele
collection of sperm in a sac in epididymis, no symptoms and no treatment required unless it becomes uncomfortable
33
Cryptorchism
testis fails to descend from abdomen into the scrotum before a boy is 12 mo. old
34
Epididymitis
inflammation of epididymis
35
Epididymoorchitis
inflammation of the epididymis and testis
36
Orchitis
inflammation of either/both testis/es, usually a consequence of epididymitis, caused by bacterial infection, STI, or Mumps
37
Testicular Cancer
males 20-39 yrs old, lump in testis, metastasis is uncommon
38
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic hypertrophy, benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP)
non-cancerous enlargement of prostate (hyperplasia), causes difficulty controlling urine stream, nocturia, and polyuria.
39
nocturia
excessive nighttime urination
40
polyuria
excessive urine production
41
hyperplasia
effects number of cells
42
hypertrophy
effects size of cells
43
Prostatic Cancer
10% of men >50, forms hard nodules in periphery of gland, asymptomatic
44
Prostatitis
inflammation of prostate gland, causes groin pain and difficulty/discomfort when urinating
45
male infertility
the inability to produce or deliver fully functioning sperm
46
male infertility is caused by: (5)
impaired sperm production, impaired sperm delivery, sperm disorders, varicoceles, and hypogonadism
47
impaired sperm production
cryptorchidism, anorchism, testicular trauma, testicular cancer, orchitis
48
impaired sperm delivery
infections or blockage of spermatic ducts
49
sperm disorders produce:
sperm that is underdeveloped, abnormally shaped, unable to move properly, low numbers, or not produced at all
50
hypogonadism
testosterone deficiency
51
oligospermia
sperm produced in abnormally low numbers
52
azoospermia
lack of sperm production in testis
53
transurethral
procedure performed through the urethra
54
Priapism
persistent, painful erection, caused by blood not being able to escape from erectile tissue (epinephrine use, blood clots, or spinal cord injury)
55
Cancer
occurs most commonly on the glans, rare in circumcised men
56
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
(aka impotence) the inability to achieve or maintain an erection
57
Premature ejaculation
more common than ED, occurs when man ejaculates quickly during intercourse
58
Prepuce
skin surrounding head of penis
59
Balanitis
bacterial or yeast infection of glans and foreskin
60
Phimosis
condition where foreskin is tight/has a small opening and cannot be retracted over glans for cleaning - leads to balanitis
61
Paraphimosis
condition in which retracted foreskin cannot be pulled forward to cover glans
62
Urethritis
inflammation of urethra, caused by bacteria, virus, STDs, spermicides
63
Urethral stricture
scarring that narrows urethra, caused by infection or injury
64
Hypospadias
congenital defect, the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of at the head of the glans
65
glans
head of the penis
66
Epispadias
congenital defect, opening of urethra is on the dorsum of the penis
67
Chlamydia
STD that causes discharge, irritation, and dysuria
68
Trichomoniasis ("Trich")
STD caused by trichomonas vaginalis parasite
69
Gonorrhea
STD that causes bleeding and dysuria, can be passed to a baby in childbirth
70
Syphilis
STD that can spread to every organ in body
71
HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)
STD that causes blisters on skin and mucous membranes
72
HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
causes genital warts and can increase chance of cervical cancer
73
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
etilogic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
74
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
infection with HIV, many different symptoms
75
molluscum contagiosum
STD caused by a virus
76
opportunistic infection
infection that causes a disease when immune system is compromised for another reason
77
chancre
primary lesion of syphilis
78
DRA
digital rectal examination
79
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
80
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate
81
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
82
Ablation
removal of tissue to destroy its function
83
brachytherapy
radiation therapy directly to tissue that is being treated
84
circumcision
to remove part or all of prepuce
85
enucleation
removal of entire structure without rupture
86
laparoscopy
endoscopic exam of contents of the abdomen
87
orchiectomy
removal of one/both testis/es
88
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of a testis in the scrotum
89
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate
90
radical surgery
surgical removal of organ, blood, and lymph supply
91
resection
removal of specific part of an organ or structure
92
resectoscope
endoscope for the transurethral removal of leasions
93
urethrotomy
incision of a stricture of the urethra
94
vasectomy
excision of a segment of the vas deferens
95
vasovasostomy
reversal of vasectomy
96
bulbourethral glands are located on either side of the membranous:
urethra
97
smegma
oil, skin cells, sweat, and fluid accumulation around genitals
98
erectile agent
capable of being distended with blood
99
spongiosum
spongelike tissue
100

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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