Chapter 15: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Gynecologists (GYN)

Answer 1

physicians who specialize in diseases of the female reproductive tract

Question 2

Obstetricians (OB)

Answer 2

physicians who specialize in care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

Question 3

Neonatologists

Answer 3

physicians who specialize in pediatrics, specifically the disorders of newborns

Question 4

Female External Genitalia

Answer 4

(aka vulva) Labium majora, Labium minora, Mons pubis, Vestibule

Question 5

Clitoris

Answer 5

prepuce of female reproductive system

Question 6

Mons pubis

Answer 6

skin laying over symphysis pubis

Question 7

Vestibule

Answer 7

area enclosed by labia minora, contains urinary and vaginal openings

Question 8

greater vestibular (Bartholin) gland

Answer 8

gland on each side of the vaginal orifice to secrete mucus to lubricate vulva and vagina

Question 9

Female Reproductive Tract (4)

Answer 9

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Question 10

ovary

Answer 10

almond-shaped organ that produce/release eggs and secrete hormones

Question 11

ova

Answer 11

eggs

Question 12

uterine (fallopian) tubes

Answer 12

canal that extends from uterus to abdominal cavity to allow sperm and eggs to meet and fertilize

Question 13

fimbria

Answer 13

encloses ovary during ovulation

Question 14

uterus (3)

Answer 14

organ in pelvic cavity, divided into fundus, body, and cervix, main function is to cradle and nourish fetus and to produce menstrual flow

Question 15

uterine wall (3)

Answer 15

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium (the lining that sheds during menstruation)

Question 16

vagina

Answer 16

birth canal, connects vulva with uterus, functions to discharge menstrual fluid, receive penis and semen, and deliver baby

Question 17

cervix

Answer 17

lower part of uterus

Question 18

fimbria

Answer 18

fringe-like structure

Question 19

fornix

Answer 19

arch-shaped, blind-ended part of the vagina behind and around the cervix

Question 20

fundus

Answer 20

rounded top of uterus above openings of uterine tubes

Question 21

hymen

Answer 21

thin membrane occluding the vaginal orifice

Question 22

os

Answer 22

opening to a canal

Question 23

ovulation

Answer 23

release of an oocyte from a follicle

Question 24

Estrogens

Answer 24

produced in ovarian follicles; hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics

Question 25

Progesterone

Answer 25

produced by ovary's corpus luteum & adrenal glands; prepares body for pregnancy

Question 26

corpus luteum

Answer 26

yellow structure formed at site of ruptured ovarian follicle

Question 27

involutioni

Answer 27

decrease in size

Question 28

menarche

Answer 28

first menstrual period

Question 29

pubarche

Answer 29

onset of development of pubic and axillary hair

Question 30

thelarche

Answer 30

onset of breast development

Question 31

menses

Answer 31

monthly uterine bleeding

Question 32

oocyte

Answer 32

female egg cell

Question 33

Bacterial vaginosis

Answer 33

abnormal vaginal discharge and fishlike odor, treated with antibiotics

Question 34

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Answer 34

illness caused by toxins in bloodstream

Question 35

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 35

(yeast infection) causes genital itching/burning with "cottage-cheese" discharge; caused by yeast fungus

Question 36

Vulvovaginitis

Answer 36

inflammation of vagina

Question 37

Vulvodynia

Answer 37

chronic, severe pain around vaginal orifice

Question 38

dyspareunia

Answer 38

painful intercourse

Question 39

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 39

formation of multiple follicular cysts in both ovaries - can cause irregular or absent menstruations

Question 40

Ovarian cysts

Answer 40

sacs that can form during ovulation, usually benign but can bleed or rupture or cause an ovary to become twisted

Question 41

salpingitis

Answer 41

inflammation of uterine tubes caused by bacterial infection

Question 42

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 42

infection or inflammation of female reproductive system

Question 43

primary amenorrhea (4)

Answer 43

no menstrual cycle by the age of 16; caused by malnutrition, eating disorders, extreme exercise, extreme obesity, and chronic illness

Question 44

secondary amenorrhea

Answer 44

3 or more missed periods ion a row; caused by ovarian disorders, excessive exercise or weight loss, certain drugs

Question 45

primary dysmenorrhea (PMS)

Answer 45

pain or discomfort associated with menstruation

Question 46

menopause

Answer 46

no menstruation for a year, associated with aging

Question 47

endometriosis

Answer 47

endometrium gets planted anywhere that is not in the uterus, can cause cysts

Question 48

uterine prolapse

Answer 48

pelvic floor muscles weaken, inner vaginal characteristics come out

Question 49

retroversion

Answer 49

20% of women; body of uterus is tipped backward

Question 50

anteversion

Answer 50

body of uterus is tipped forward

Question 51

uterine fibroids

Answer 51

noncancerous growths in myometrium

Question 52

menorrhagia

Answer 52

excessive menstrual bleeding

Question 53

metorrhagia

Answer 53

irregular bleeding between cycles

Question 54

polymenorrhea

Answer 54

more than normal frequency of cycles

Question 55

myoma

Answer 55

benign tumor of muscle (fibroid)

Question 56

leiomyoma

Answer 56

uterine fibroid made of smooth muscle

Question 57

fibromyoma

Answer 57

uterine fibroid made of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue

Question 58

cystocele

Answer 58

hernia of bladder into anterior wall of vagina

Question 59

rectocele

Answer 59

hernia of rectum into vagina

Question 60

ovarian cancer

Answer 60

2nd most common, most deadly, gynecologic cancer that is treated with surgery and chemo

Question 61

endometrial cancer

Answer 61

most common gynecological cancer

Question 62

cervical cancer

Answer 62

3rd most common gynecological cancer, linked with HPV