Chapter 14 - Medical Words

Question 1

Progressive degeneration of brain tissue that usually begins after age 60. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults.__________ ________

Answer 1

Alzheimer disease

Question 2

Condition of muscular weakness, atrophy, and spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons; also called Lou Gehrig disease. __________ _______ ________

Answer 2

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (aka. ALS)

Question 3

Condition of a lack of the sense of pain

Answer 3

analgesia

Question 4

Lack of ability to use objects properly; inability to perform daily activities of living; i.e. dressing & bathing: _________.

Answer 4

apraxia

Question 5

Disorder of movement and posture caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain, during pregnancy, delivery. It is the most common permanent disorder of childhood involving motor dysfunctions: ________ ________.

Answer 5

cerebral palsy (aka. CP)

Question 6

Unconscious state from which the patient cannot be aroused.

Answer 6

coma

Question 7

Process of a head injury with a possible loss of brain function, seen more commonly in certain sports

Answer 7

concussion

Question 8

Condition of a group of symptoms marked by memory and cognitive function loss and is associated with mini strokes or other diseases of the brain

Answer 8

dementia

Question 9

Surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

Answer 9

diskectomy

Question 10

Condition in which an individual has difficulty in reading and comprehending written language

Answer 10

dyslexia

Question 11

Recording of the contractions of muscles as a result of electrical stimulation

Answer 11

electromyography

Question 12

Pertaining to a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of medication via a catheter in the area of the cauda equina

Answer 12

epidural

Question 13

A neurological disorder involving repeated seizures of any type

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 14

Weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke

Answer 14

hemiparesis

Question 15

Paralysis of one side of the body, often caused by a stroke

Answer 15

hemiplegia

Question 16

Condition in which part of the soft portion of an intervertebral disk is compressed on a nerve and can cause sciatica or severe lumbar back pain that radiates down one or both legs: __________ ______ ________

Answer 16

herniated disk syndrome (aka. HDS)

Question 17

shingles

Answer 17

herpes zoster

Question 18

Pertaining to a condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

Answer 18

hydrocephalus

Question 19

Pertaining to a small head; a birth defect

Answer 19

microcephaly

Question 20

Chronic disease condition of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath: ________ ________.

Answer 20

multipule sclerosis (aka. MS)

Question 21

Chronic condition with attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep

Answer 21

narcolepsy

Question 22

Chemical substances, such as dopamine, transmitted across a synapse that transmits a signal between two neurons

Answer 22

neurotransmitter

Question 23

A paralysis, of which there are many types, Bell’s affects facial expression and facial functions.

Answer 23

palsy

Question 24

A progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the part of the the brain that controls movement. First symptoms of this disease are tremors (trembling or shaking) of a limb: __________ disease.

Answer 24

Parkinson

Question 25

Disease that causes edema of the brain in children and has a relation to aspirin administration: ______ ________.

Answer 25

Reye syndrome

Question 26

Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

Answer 26

sciatica

Question 27

Condition of sleepwalking

Answer 27

somnambulism

some-nam-bulism

Question 28

Surgical procedure to bind vertebrae after removal of a herniated disk; also called spinal fusion

Answer 28

spondylosyndesis

spon-dill-oh-sin-dee-sis

Question 29

Death of brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen due to an embolism

Answer 29

stroke

Question 30

Another name for a stroke is ____________ _________.

Answer 30

cerebrovascular accident

Question 31

transient ischemic attack

Answer 31

ministroke

Question 32

Increased agitation or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon or early evening in patients with cognitive impairment; common with dementia

Answer 32

sundowning

Question 33

fainting

Answer 33

syncope

sin-co-pee