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Advanced Physiology > chapter 14: overview of circulation: biophysics of pressure, flow, and resistance. > Flashcards

chapter 14: overview of circulation: biophysics of pressure, flow, and resistance. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of circulation?

A

1) . to serve the needs of the body tissues:
2) . to transport nutrients to the body tissues,
3) . to transport waste products away,
4) . to transport hormones from one part of the body to another and, in general,
5) . to maintain an appropriate environment in all the tissue fluids of the body for survival and optimal function of the cells.

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2
Q

what controls the flow of Blood

A

1) the need for nutrients in tissues.

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3
Q

name the two division of circulation

A

pulmonary and systemic circulation

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4
Q

what is the function of systemic circulation?

A

systemic circulation supplies blood flow to

all the tissues of the body except the lungs.

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5
Q

another term for systemic circulation?

A

peripheral circulation or greater circulation, because it supplies blood flow to all the tissues of the body except the lungs.

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6
Q

what is the function of arteries?

A

transport blood under high pressure, so they have strong walls and pressure is high in arteries.

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7
Q

arterioles

A
  1. small branch of the arterial system.
  2. acts as control conduits through which blood is released into capillaries.
  3. strong muscular walls.
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8
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

the function of the capillaries is to exchange nutrients and hormones with between blood and interstitial fluid.

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9
Q

are the capillaries wall thin or thick?

A

Thin

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10
Q

capillaries pores are permeable to what?

A

water and small molecules.

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11
Q

what is the function of venules?

A
  1. collection of blood into capillaries.

2. coalescing into larger veins.

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12
Q

what is the function of veins?

A
  1. Function as conduits for transport of blood
    from the venules back to the heart; equally important,
    they serve as a major reservoir of extra blood.
    .
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13
Q

veins serve as what?

A

controllable reservoir of extra blood.

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14
Q

Is pressure in the venous system low or high?

A

Very Low, Because the pressure in the venous system is very low, the venous walls are thin

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15
Q

what is the percentage of blood in the systemic circulation?

A

84 percent of the entire blood volume: 64 percent is in the veins, 13 percent is in the arteries, and 7 percent is in the systemic arterioles and capillaries.

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16
Q

what percentage of blood is in the heart and lungs?

A

16 percent; The heart contains 7 percent of the blood, and the pulmonary vessels, 9 percent.

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17
Q

how long does blood remain in the capillaries?

A

1 -3 seconds; surprising to know we exchange nutreint within 1 -3 seconds.

18
Q

what is the mean arterial pressure?

A

100 mmHg

19
Q

arterial pressure alternates between?

A

120 mmHg and 80 mmHg ; systole/diastole

20
Q

mean pressure of systemic circulation by
the time it reaches the termination of the superior and
inferior venae cavae where they empty into the right
atrium of the heart?

A

0 mmHg

21
Q

pulmonary artery systolic pressure averages about?

A

25 mmHg

22
Q

diastolic pressure averages about?

A

8 mmHg

23
Q

Cross sectional area of Aorta

A

2.5 cm2

24
Q

CSA of Small arteries

A

20 cm2

25
Q

CSA of Arterioles

A

40 cm2

26
Q

CSA of Capillaries

A

2500 cm2

27
Q

CSA of Venules

A

250 cm2

28
Q

CSA of small veins

A

80 cm2

29
Q

CSA of Venae cavae

A

8 cm2

30
Q

V = F/A

A

the velocity of blood flow.

31
Q

Basic principles of circulatory function?

A
  1. Blood flow to most tissues is controlled according to
    the tissue need.
  2. Cardiac output is the sum of all the local tissue
    flows.
  3. Arterial pressure regulation is generally independent
    of either local blood flow control or cardiac output
    control.
32
Q

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PRESSURE,

FLOW, AND RESISTANCE

A

Blood flow through a blood vessel is determined by

two factors: (1) pressure gradient and (2) vascular resistance.

33
Q

The flow through the vessel can be calculated by the following formula, which is called Ohm’s law

A

F = delta P/ R

34
Q

Blood flow means?

A

quantity of blood that passes a given point in the circulation in a given period of time.

35
Q

blood flow is expressed as?

A

milliliters per minute or liters per minute

36
Q

overall blood flow in the total circulation of an adult person at rest?

A

about 5000 ml/min: this is called cardiac output.

37
Q

the amount of blood pumped into the aorta by the heart each minute?

A

cardiac output

38
Q

Hematocrit

A

the Proportion of Blood That Is Red Blood Cells

39
Q

how to increase blood viscosity?

A

Increasing Hematocrit Markedly Increases Blood

Viscosity.

40
Q

polycythemia

A

increase in red blood cells.

Advanced Physiology (4 decks)

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