chapter 14 part 1

Question 1

Who is gregor mendel

Answer 1

He laid out the groundwork for the chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 2

How did gregor mendel lay ground work the chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 2

he tested it through a series of experiments on garden peas

Question 3

Who proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 3

Sutton adn Bovery

Question 4

What are the 3 characteristics of the chromosome theory of inheristance

Answer 4

genes are transmitted from 1 gene to the next, inheritance is linked (meiosis), genes are located on chromosomes

Question 5

chromosome theory of inheristance

How is genetic info transmitted

Answer 5

from one gen to the next

Question 6

chromosome theory of inheristance

to what is inheritance linked

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

chromosome theory of inheristance

where are genes located

Answer 7

chromosomes

Question 8

What is genetics

Answer 8

study of inheritance

Question 9

what is heredity

Answer 9

transmission of traits from parents to offspring

Question 10

Trait

Answer 10

any characteristic of an individiual

Question 11

What were the who hypothesis formed of inheritance

Answer 11

1) Blending Inheritance
2) Inheritance of acquired traits

Question 12

What is Blending inheritance

Answer 12

traits from parents will blend so the kids will have mixed (intermediate) traits

white black = grey

Question 13

What is inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 13

Traits of parents will be modified and then passed on

Question 14

Why did Mendel choose peas for his experiment

Answer 14

1. Peas were inexpensive
2. short generation time
3. make large number of seeds
4. u can easily manipulate

Question 15

What kind of traits do peas have

Answer 15

Polymorphic

Question 16

What are polymorphic traits

Answer 16

traits that appear in two or more different forms

Question 17

How do peas fertilize

Answer 17

Self fertilization

Question 18

What did the male organs of peas produce

Answer 18

pollen grains

Question 19

what did the female organs of peas produce

Answer 19

eggs

Question 20

What is the process that peas self fertlize with

Answer 20

flower pollen falls on femal organ of same flower

Question 21

How did Mendel prevent self fertlization for his experiment with peas

Answer 21

he remove male organs from the flower, then used the pollen from another flower

CROSS FErTILIZATION

Question 22

What is cross fertilization

Answer 22

How mendel seperated pea organs and used diff flowers to fertilize

Question 23

What Traits did Mendel Study

Answer 23

1. Seed shape
2. seed color
3. pod shape
4. pod color
5. flower color
6. flower and pod position
7. stem length

Question 24

Phenotype

Answer 24

observal traits

Question 25

How many traits did the pea population have

Answer 25

Two distinct traits

Question 26

What is the lineage called when Parents Produce offspring Identintical to themselve

Answer 26

True breeding lines

Question 27

True breeding lines

Answer 27

offspring identical to parents

Question 28

what did Mendel produce with true breeding line plants

Answer 28

Hybrids | He mated two different pure lines that differed in one or more traits

Question 29

Autosomal inheritance

Answer 29

Patterns of genes not on a sex chromosome. Standard patterns of inheritance | mendel studied ONLY autosomal patterns of inheritance

Question 30

Genes

Answer 30

A hereditary factor that influces a particular trait | The word gene has many meanings. ## Footnote What scientist usually used but then it was rivised and expanded

Question 31

Allele

Answer 31

Particular form of gene | 2 alleles of a diploid cell may be same or different

Question 32

Genotype

Answer 32

Listing of the alleles of particular genes in an individual | genotype lists two alleles of each gene. ## Footnote in haploids genotype lists one allele of each gene

Question 33

Homozygous

Answer 33

having two of the same allele

Question 34

Heterozygous

Answer 34

Having two different alleles

Question 35

Dominant Allele

Answer 35

Phenotype experessed in heterozygous and homzygous | just cuz expressed doesnt mean high frequency or high fitness

Question 36

Recessive

Answer 36

produces its phenotype in only HOMOZYGOUS | pure line individuals

Question 37

Hybrid

Answer 37

cross breed | they are heterozygous

Question 38

Reciprocal cross

Answer 38

a cross in which the phenotyples of the male and female are reversed compared with a prior cross mendel used this to determine gender mothers phenotype in first cross is fathers phenotype in second cross, phathers phenotype in first cross is mothers phenotype in second cross results identical | sex of parent has no inflence on trait if gives identical results ## Footnote ie take turns

Question 39

Test cross

Answer 39

a cross of hymogyous recessive allele and another with dominot phenotype individual w unknown genotype ## Footnote used to determine if the parent of the unknown genotype individual is homozygous or heterozygous

Question 40

X linked

Answer 40

gene on x chromosome

Question 41

Y linked

Answer 41

gene on y chromosome, determines male