Chapter 14 Standardized Tests and Teaching

Question 1

Standardized test

Answer 1

Commercially prepared test that assesses student performance under uniform conditions

Question 3

Minimum competency tests

Answer 3

Tests that assess skills that students are expected to have mastered before they can be promoted to the next grade or permitted to graduate

Question 4

High-stakes testing

Answer 4

Testing in a way that has important consequences for the student

Question 5

Norm group

Answer 5

Group of similar individuals who previously had been given a test by the test maker

Question 6

National norms

Answer 6

Norm group that consists of a nationally representative group of students

Question 7

Special group norms

Answer 7

Norm group that consists of test scores for subgroups from a national sample

Question 8

Local norms

Answer 8

Norm group that compares student performance within same class, school, or board

Question 9

Reliability

Answer 9

The extent to which a test produces a consistent, reproducible measure of performance

Question 10

Test-retest reliability

Answer 10

The extent to which a test yields the same performance when students complete the same test on two different occasions

Question 11

Alternative forms reliability

Answer 11

Providing different froms of the same test on two different occasions to the same group of students to determine how consistent the scores are

Question 12

Split-half reliability

Answer 12

Dividing test items into two halves, and comparing the two sets of scores to determine how consistently students performed across each set

Question 13

Validity

Answer 13

The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure and whether the test scores are used accurately

Question 14

Content validity

Answer 14

A tests ability to sample the content that is to be measured

Question 15

Criterion validity

Answer 15

A tests ability to predict student performance as measured by other assessments or criteria

Question 16

Concurrent validity

Answer 16

The relation between test scores and other available criteria

Question 17

Predictive validity

Answer 17

The relation between test scores and a students future performance

Question 18

Construct validity

Answer 18

The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular constuct, that is, an unobservable trait or characterisitc of a person

Question 19

Instructional validity

Answer 19

The extent to which an assessment is a resonable sample of the classroom practice

Question 20

Aptitude test

Answer 20

A test used to predict a students ability to learn skills or accomplish tasks with further education and training

Question 21

Achievement test

Answer 21

Test that measires acquired knowledge and/or skills

Question 22

Psychoeducational assessment

Answer 22

Assessment that comprises teo general test batteries:
1) aptitude 2) achievement

Question 23

Survey battery

Answer 23

Group of individual subject-matter tests designed for students at a particular level

Question 24

Diagnostic tests

Answer 24

Achievement tests that measure select skills in a specific subject area with the purpose of diagnosing an individuals relative strengths and needs.

Question 25

Descriptive statistics

Answer 25

Mathematical procedures that are used to describe and summarize data in a meaningful way

Question 26

Frequency distribution

Answer 26

Listing of scores, usually from highest to lowest, along with the number of times each score appears

Question 27

Histogram

Answer 27

Frequency distribution in graph form

Question 28

Measure of central tendency

Answer 28

Number that provides informaiton about the average or typical score in a set of data

Question 29

Mean

Answer 29

Numerical average of a group of scores

Question 30

Median

Answer 30

Score that falls exactly in the middle of a distribution of scores after they have been arranged from highest to lowest

Question 31

Mode

Answer 31

Score that occurs most often within a distribution of scores

Question 32

Measures of validity

Answer 32

Measures that indicate how much scores vary from one another

Question 33

Range

Answer 33

Distance between the highest and lowest scores

Question 34

Standard deviation

Answer 34

Measure of how much a set of scores varies on average around the mean of the scores

Question 35

Normal distribution

Answer 35

When most of the scores cluster around the mean

Question 36

Raw score

Answer 36

Number of items a student answers correctly on a test

Question 37

Percentile rank score

Answer 37

Reveals the percentage of the distribution that lies at or below the score

Question 38

Stanine score

Answer 38

Describes a students test performance on a nine-point scale ranging from 1 to 9

Question 39

Grade-equivalent score

Answer 39

Represents a students achievements in terms of a scale based upon grade and month in school

Question 40

Standard score

Answer 40

Score expressed as a deviation from the mean

Question 41

z-score

Answer 41

Data that provides infromation about how many standard deviations a raw score is above or below the mean

Question 42

T-score

Answer 42

Standard score in which the mean is set at 50 and the standard deviation is set at 10

Question 43

Percentile rank

Answer 43

Range of scores around a mean value expressed in percentiles