Chapter 9 Social constructivist approaches, Domain-specific approaches, and Teaching

Question 1

Constructivism

Answer 1

Emphasizes that individuals learn best when they actively construct knowledge and understanding in light of their own experiences

Question 2

Social constructivist approaches

Answer 2

Emphasize the social contexts of learning and that strategies and knowledge of the world are mutually constructed

Question 3

Situated cognition

Answer 3

An important assumptiion in the social constructivist approaches that refers to the idea that thinking is situated in social and physical contexts, not within an individuals mind

Question 4

Scahholding

Answer 4

Technique of changing the level of support over the course of a teaching session with a more-skilled person adjusting the amount of guidance to fit the students current performance level

Question 5

Cognitive apprenticeship

Answer 5

Experts stretch and support a novies understanding and use of the cultures skills

Question 6

Individual tutoring

Answer 6

Tutoring that takes place when an instructor or teacher assists and supports the learning of a student

Question 7

Cooperative learning

Answer 7

Students working in small groups to help each other learn

Question 8

Basic-skils-and-phonetics approach

Answer 8

Approach to reading that involves teaching both phonemic awareness and phonics

Question 9

Whole-language approach

Answer 9

Approach to reading that assumes that reading instruction should parallel students natural language learning

Question 10

Balanced-instruction approach

Answer 10

Approach to reading that combines the basic-skills-and-phonetics and whole-language approaches

Question 11

Reciprocal teaching

Answer 11

Involves students taking turns leading small-group discussions

Question 12

Peer assisted learning strategies (PALS)

Answer 12

Whole-class tutoring program where students teach and learn from each other through carefully constructed interactions