Chapter 14 - The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Somatic Motor Division - Somatic motor neurons directly innervate ——– muscles, ——- control; acetylcholine (ACh); excitatory/inhibitory?

Answer 1

skeletal muscles
voluntary control
Excitatory

Question 2

Visceral Motor Division (ANS) - Autonomic motor neurons innervate —— & ——– muscles , and glands; ——- control

Answer 2

Smooth & cardiac
Involuntary Control

Question 3

2 neurons are involved in Visceral Motor Division

Answer 3

Preganglionic neurons
Postganglionic neurons

Question 4

——— neuron: Cell body in the PNS autonomic ganglion; axon synapses on the target cell; often ACh and norepinephrine; EXCITATORY & INHIBITORY

Answer 4

Postganglionic neuron

Question 5

Cell body in the CNS; Synapses on the other ganglionic neuron

Answer 5

Preganglionic neuron

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System Divisions

Answer 6

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 7

Sympathetic or parasympathetic where Preganglionic axons are LONG and postganglionic axons are SHORT

Answer 7

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 8

Sympathetic or Parasympathetic where preganglionic axons are SHORT, and postganglionic axons are LONG

Answer 8

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 9

——- Division is where cell bodies of preganglionic neurons originate in thoracic and upper lumber spinal cord

Answer 9

Thoracolumbar Division

Question 10

Sympathetic ganglia are generally near the…

Answer 10

Spinal cord

Question 11

——- Division is where cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located within nuclei of cranial nerves in the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord

Answer 11

Craniosacral Division

Question 12

Parasympathetic ganglia are near or within—-

Answer 12

Target organs

Question 13

Clusters of neuron cell bodies that house millions of synapses

Answer 13

Ganglia

Question 14

Actions of the parasympathetic nervous system directly ——– those of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

ANTAGONIZE

Question 15

Sympathetic neurons ——– heart rate

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

Parasympathetic neurons ———- hear rate

Answer 16

Decreases

Question 17

——— nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations

Answer 17

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 18

——— nervous system maintains homeostasis when body is engaged in physical work (Ex: standing)

Answer 18

Sympathetic nervous system - Temporarily initiates changes in heart rate and blood vessel diameter to encounter effect of gravity on blood pressure, which can drop and cause you to fall

Question 19

——- nervous system mediates the body’s visceral responses to emotion

Answer 19

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

Classes of Sympathetic Neurotransmitters
The preganglionic axon communicates with postganglionic neurons at an excitatory synapse using a neurotransmitter called

Answer 20

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 21

Sympathetic Nervous System - The postganglionic axon releases ———– (Noradrenaline), ———– (Adrenaline), or ——–

Answer 21

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 22

Classes of Sympathetic Receptors
———– Receptors bind to norepinephrine and epinephrine; include different types of ——- receptors & ——– receptors

Answer 22

Adrenergic receptors
Alpha & Beta receptors

Question 23

——– receptors: found in the ———- of certain sympathetic target cells in the pancreas and adipose tissue; most in the plasma membrane of ———- sympathetic neurons, where ———- occurs, and slows or cancels the action potential, prevent excessive activity by damping or shutting off sympathetic response

Answer 23

Alpa 2 receptors
plasma membrane of certain sympathetic target cells
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
hyperpolarization occurs

Question 24

When Alpa 2 receptors are ——– bound to norepinephrine, the preganglionic neuron releases —–, exciting the —— neuron

Answer 24

are not bound
ACh
postganglionic neuron

Question 25

When Alpa 2 receptors are -------- bound to norepinephrine, the preganglionic neuron hyperpolarizes, decreasing ------ release, and --------- neuron activity

Answer 25

Are bound ACh postganglionic neuron activity

Question 26

------ receptors - Membranes of Cardiac muscle cells and certain cells of the kidneys

Answer 26

Beta 1 receptors

Question 27

------ receptors - Membranes of smooth muscles in bronchioles, urinary bladder, blood vessels of skeletal muscles, liver and pancreas cells and salivary glands

Answer 27

Beta 2 receptors

Question 28

----- receptors - Cells of adipose tissue, smooth muscles in walls of digestive tract

Answer 28

Beta 3 receptors

Question 29

The sympathetic Nervous System's most basic function is to----

Answer 29

- Ensure survival - Maintain homeostasis during times of physical or emotional stress

Question 30

The Parasympathetic Nervous System's most basic function is to---

Answer 30

Maintain homeostasis when body is at rest

Question 31

Most drugs target the sympathetic nervous system in two ways

Answer 31

Antagonists Agonists

Question 32

Antagonist effects + what receptors are targeted

Answer 32

Alpha1 + Beta1 Block the receptor and prevent norepinephrine from binding to it

Question 33

Agonist effects + what receptors are targeted

Answer 33

Alpha2 + Beta2 Bind the receptor and Mimic the effects of norepinephrine

Question 34

Sympathetic tone dominant in

Answer 34

blood vessels and keeps them partially constricted at all times

Question 35

parasympathetic tone is dominant in

Answer 35

heart and digestive system keeps the heart rate at an average of 72 beats/minute

Question 36

------ --------- is when most organs are innervated by neurons from both SNS and PSNS

Answer 36

Dual innervation SNS: dominant during exercise or emergency PSNS: regulate same organs when the exercise or emergency has finished