Chapter 11 - Nervous System Tissues

Question 1

Structural Divisions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

CNS - Brain and Spinal Cords
PNS - Cranial Nerves, Spinal nerves and their branches

Question 2

How many pairs of Cranial & Spinal nerves are there?

Answer 2

12 & 31 pairs
Cranial: from or to the brain
Spinal: from or to the spinal cord

Question 3

what are the three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 3

1. Sensory Input
2. Integrative: Analyze and interpret the detected sensory stimuli and determine an appropriate response
3. Motor Output:

Question 4

what is the function of Sensory input of nervous system?

Answer 4

Gather information about internal and external environments of the body
Done by Sensory Division (Afferent) of PNS

Question 5

what is the function of integration of nervous system?

Answer 5

Analyze and interpret the detected sensory stimuli and determine an appropriate response
Done by CNS (Mostly Brain)

Question 6

what is the function of Motor Output of nervous system

Answer 6

Actions performed in response to integration
Done by Motor (Efferent) Division of PNS

Question 7

Sensory stimuli are detected by

Answer 7

Sensory receptors

Question 8

What muscle do neurons transmit signals to in Somatic Motor Division - PNS

Answer 8

Neurons transmit signals to skeletal muscles. (Voluntary Motor Divison)

Question 9

Role of neurons in Visceral Motor Divison (ANS) - PNS

Answer 9

Neurons carry signals to thoracic and abdominal viscera
Neurons regulate secretion from some glands
Control cardiac and smooth muscles in the heart.
(Involuntary Motor Divison)

Question 10

Neuroglial (Glial) cells function

Answer 10

Do not transmit signals but serve a variety of supportive functions
Outnumber neurons by 10:1

Question 11

Neurons send and receive signals in the form of

Answer 11

Action Potential (Responsible for the 3 functions of nervous system)

Question 12

Most of the neuron cell’s organelles are housed in

Answer 12

Cell body (Soma)

Question 13

Carry electrical signal to the cell body

Answer 13

Dendrites

Question 14

Carry electrical signals away from the cell body

Answer 14

Axon

Question 15

Neuronal Cytoskeleton is composed of many intermediate filaments bundled into ——— that extend into the dendrites and axon and microtubules that support the cell and allow transport of chemicals

Answer 15

Neurofibrils

Question 16

Receive input from other neurons and transmit it in the form of electrical impulses toward the cell body

Answer 16

Dendrites

Question 17

Area of the cell body where axon arises

Answer 17

Axon Hillock

Question 18

Branches of the axon

Answer 18

Axon Collaterals

Question 19

Fine branches of the axon and its collaterals

Answer 19

Telodendria

Question 20

Ends of telodendria that communicate with target cells

Answer 20

Axon terminals (Synaptic Knobs)

Question 21

Plasma membrane of the axon

Answer 21

Axolemma

Question 22

Cytoplasm of the axon

Answer 22

Axoplasm

Question 23

Substances travel through the axoplasm toward or away from the cell body

Answer 23

Axonal Transport (flow)

Question 24

3 functional regions of neurons

Answer 24

Receptive region: Dendrites and cell body receive signals
Conducting region: Axon continues the signal
Secretory region: Secrete chemicals for target cells

Question 25

------- Neurons that carry signals toward the CNS and facilitate motor coordination

Answer 25

Sensory (Afferent) - pseudounipolar or bipolar

Question 26

------ Neurons that relay messages within the CNS

Answer 26

Interneurons - multipolar

Question 27

------ Neurons that carry signals away from CNS to muscles and glands

Answer 27

Motor (Efferent) - multipolar

Question 28

How many types of neuroglia are found in the nervous system?

Answer 28

6 4 in the CNS 2 in the PNS

Question 29

Types of Neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 29

1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Epyndemal Cells

Question 30

Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells, most abundant, have several functions

Answer 30

1. Anchoring neurons and blood vessels in place 2. Regulate the extracellular environment of the brain 3. Assist in formation of BBB 4. Repair damaged brain tissue

Question 31

myelin is concentric layers of plasma membrane formed by - Repeating segments = myelin sheath

Answer 31

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Question 32

Neuroglial cells that become wandering phagocytes

Answer 32

Microglia

Question 33

Neuroglial cells that circulate cerebrospinal fluid (Fluid in cavities of the brain) Line cavities cilia circulate fluid around the brain and spinal cord

Answer 33

Ependymal Cells

Question 34

Neuroglial cells that: Encase axons of neurons in the PNS Cover some of the exons in a myelin sheath play a role in the repair of damaged axons

Answer 34

Neurolemmocytes - Schwann cells

Question 35

Neuroglial cells that: Enclose and support the cell bodies Link with other parts of the neuron, other ------ cells, and neighbouring Schwann cells Regulate the extracellular environment around the cell body

Answer 35

Satellite Cells

Question 36

myelin is composed of

Answer 36

Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, lipids

Question 37

Segments of an axon covered by myelin are called

Answer 37

Internodes

Question 38

Spaces between internodes are called

Answer 38

Myelin sheath gaps or Nodes of Ranvier

Question 39

When myelin appears lighter, it is called

Answer 39

White Matter

Question 40

Unmyelinated areas appear darker and are called

Answer 40

Grey Matter

Question 41

Regeneration of Nervous tissue in CNS

Answer 41

Dendrites and Axons almost never regenerate

Question 42

in the CNS; -------- inhibit neuronal growth; growth factors are abscent; ---------- create scar tissue

Answer 42

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes

Question 43

Conduction speed of action potential

Answer 43

The rate at which propagation occurs, determines how rapidly signaling can occur within nervous system

Question 44

Conduction speed is influenced by

Answer 44

Diameter of the axon Presence or absence of myelin sheath

Question 45

If there is no myelin sheath in the, ------- Conduction occurs (Faster/slower?)

Answer 45

Continuous

Question 46

If the myelin sheath is present, ------- Conduction occurs (Faster/slower?)

Answer 46

Saltatory