Chapter 26 - The Reproductive System

Question 1

The most important organs in the reproductive system are ——- or —— ——- organs

Answer 1

Gonads or primary sex organs

Question 2

Primary sex organ in male is ——
Primary sex organ in female is ——

Answer 2

Testes
Ovaries

Question 3

——— secrete sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogens

Answer 3

Gonads

Question 4

Gonads produce ——- or sex cells, through meiosis, including sperm and ova

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

Additional organs in both sexes called —— ——- ——-, contribute to the functioning of the reproductive system.

Answer 5

Accessory Reproductive Organs

Question 6

——- Process by which a sperm and ovum fuse, producing a single-celled offspring called a ———

Answer 6

Fertilization
Zygote

Question 7

Zygote must have the correct number of chromosomes —-
the sperm and ovum each need to contribute —- chromosomes

Answer 7

46
23

Question 8

The egg and sperm are each —— and become —— when joined

Answer 8

Haploid
Diploid

Question 9

The male reproductive system include the paired ——–, or male gonads, that produce sperm

Answer 9

Testies

Question 10

Sperm travels through a series of passages known collective as ——- ——–

Answer 10

Duct System

Question 11

Accessory glands secrete fluid into ducts that becomes part of ——–, which is a fluid that accompanies sperm

Answer 11

Semen

Question 12

Testes (Testicles) located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the ——-, a sac composed of skin, connective tissue, and smooth muscle.

Answer 12

Scrotum

Question 13

Why are the testes outside the body?

Answer 13

The temperature of the testicles need to be 2-3 C colder than the inside of the body to produce sperm

Question 14

Connective tissue divides the testis internally into ~250 ——

Answer 14

Lobules

Question 15

Each lobule contain contain 1-4 tightly coiled, loop ———– tubules

Answer 15

Seminiferous tubules

Question 16

Seminiferous tubules contain ——— cells

Answer 16

Spermatogenic Cells

Question 17

Spermatogenic cells form SPERM and ———- cells

Answer 17

Sustentacular cell

Question 18

Between seminiferous tubules are ——— cells, that produce androgens, mostly ————–

Answer 18

Interstitial cells
Testosterone

Question 19

Seminiferous cells are surrounded by ——— cells, that have smooth muscle and can contract to push sperm and testicular fluid out of the testis.

Answer 19

Myoid cells

Question 20

Testes merge into a single ——— tubule that moves sperm into a network of new tubules, the —— ——–

Answer 20

Single Straight Tubule
Ductus Epididymis

Question 21

Site of sperm maturation and storage

Answer 21

Epididymis

Question 22

This duct travels through seminal vesicle, and empties into urethra

Answer 22

Ejaculatory Duct.

Question 23

Sperm contribute to —% to semen’s total volume

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

The Process of male gamete and Sperm Cell development called

Answer 24

Spermatogenesis

Question 25

Which part of the testes does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 25

Seminiferous tubules - through division of Spermatogenic cells

Question 26

Testosterone is ultimately regulated by the hypothalamic hormone ------ ---------- ---------, which is released in pulses ~every 2hrs.

Answer 26

Gonadotropic-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 27

Regulation of testosterone secretion by GnRH occurs as part of a multi-tiered feedback loop called the

Answer 27

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis

Question 28

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone First-Tier Control:

Answer 28

Hypothalamus secretes a small pulse of GnRH

Question 29

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone Second-Tier Control:

Answer 29

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotrophins Luteinizing Hormone (LH) & Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 30

Hormonal Control of Male Reproduction - Testosterone Third-Tier Control:

Answer 30

LH stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone FSH stimulates Sustentacular cells to secrete Androgen-Binding Protein (AMP) and Inhibin

Question 31

Effects of hormonal regulation of testicular function via Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HOG) Axis :

Answer 31

Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis and development of male characteristics. AMP bind to testosterone, concentrating it in the seminiferous tubules

Question 32

Internal female genitalia include

Answer 32

Ovaries, Uterine Tube, Uterus, and Vagina

Question 33

Female reproductive organs are located mostly in the -------- ---------

Answer 33

Pelvic cavity

Question 34

The hormones that the ovaries produce beside the oocytes are:

Answer 34

Estrogen Estradiol Progesteron

Question 35

The first part of the female duct system is formed by

Answer 35

Uterine Tubes, Fallopian Tubes, Oviducts (All same)

Question 36

Wall of the uterus includes:

Answer 36

Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium

Question 37

Provides a passage way for receiving sperm, delivery of a fetus, and for menstrual flow

Answer 37

Vagina

Question 38

Vaginal wall is covered in transverse ridges called

Answer 38

Rugae

Question 39

Process of gamete development that produces ova. (Formation of oocytes)

Answer 39

Oogenesis

Question 40

Blister-like structures in the ovarian cortex that mature along with the oocytes inside of them

Answer 40

Ovarian follicles

Question 41

First follicles formed, contains one primary oocyte

Answer 41

Primordial Follicles

Question 42

Primordial follicles progressively mature first to ---------- follicles, then to --------- follicles

Answer 42

Primary follicles , Secondary follicles

Question 43

Most follicles die by -------, by the time puberty is reached, follicle number has fallen by --/--%

Answer 43

Atresia 50-90%

Question 44

Monthly series of cyclic hormone changes and events, under the control of this cycle, -------- follicles progress to the ------- follicles

Answer 44

Ovarian Cycle Secondary follicles progress to the Vesicular (Tertiary) Follicles

Question 45

Series of cyclic changes that the uterine endometrium goes through each month as it responds to the fluctuating levels of the ovarian hormones.

Answer 45

Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle