Chapter 15 Flashcards
(55 cards)
Point mutations
A change in one or a few base pairs
Somatic mutations
mutant characteristics that only affect the individual (not heritable)
Germ-line mutations
Transmitted through gametes (heritable)
transition mutation
A mutation from one purine to another purine (or pyrim to pyrim)
Transversion mutation
a mutation from a purine-pyrimidine base pair to a pyrimidine- purine base
Missense mutation
Base pair change that causes a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
base pair change that alters a base pair to a stop codon
Neutral mutation
Changes a base pair to produce a different amino acid, but there is no change in function
frameshift mutation
an addition or deletion of one base pair which causes everything downstream to change
Deletion (FSM)
removal of a base pair
Forward mutation
changes at a wild type gene to a mutant gene
Insertion (FSM)
addition of a base pair
Silent Mutation
When a base pair is altered but the same amino acid is produced
Reverse mutation
Changes mutant gene at the same site so it functions same as the wild type
True reversion
the amino acid is rewritten back to the wild type
Partial reversion
amino acid is reverted to different aa but protein function is partially or fully restored
suppressor mutation
mutation that minimizes effects of another mutation
Intragenic suppressor
occurs in same gene as other mutation
Intergenic mutation
mutation in another gene which results in a second mutation
Nonsense suppressors
two mutations occur (one in gene, other in tRNA)
Sickle cell mutation
differ in a single amino acid (sixth amino acid from one end)
spontaneous mutations
all point mutations occur spontaneously and are naturally occuring
Tautomeric shift
protons are transferred from one site to another (isomers that readily interconvert)
Tautomeric shift for A and C
cause the NH2 group on A and C to shift
