Chapter 2 Flashcards
Amount (length) of DNA in one human cell
6 ft
Haploid (n)
one copy of a genome distributed among chromosomes
Diploid (2n)
two copies of a genome distributed among chromosomes
How many chromosomes do humans have
46 (23 pairs)
Homologous chromosomes
paired chromosomes that carry the same genes (one from each parent)
Metacentric
centromere is at center of chromosome, so it appears to have 2 equal halves.
Submetacentric
one arm is longer than the other
Areocentric
one arm has a stalk and often with a bulb (satellite) on it
Telocentric
only one arm bc the centromere is at the end (not found in humans)
chromatid
one copy of a newly replicated chromosome
sister chromatids
exact copies of chromosome (duplicated) held together by centromeres
Daughter chromosomes
separated sister chromatids
Where is DNA located on a chromosome
Locus
G1
cellular contents (not chromosomes) are duplicated
S
each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell
G2
cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for error