Chapter 2

Question 1

Amount (length) of DNA in one human cell

Answer 1

6 ft

Question 2

Haploid (n)

Answer 2

one copy of a genome distributed among chromosomes

Question 3

Diploid (2n)

Answer 3

two copies of a genome distributed among chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 4

46 (23 pairs)

Question 5

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

paired chromosomes that carry the same genes (one from each parent)

Question 6

Metacentric

Answer 6

centromere is at center of chromosome, so it appears to have 2 equal halves.

Question 7

Submetacentric

Answer 7

one arm is longer than the other

Question 8

Areocentric

Answer 8

one arm has a stalk and often with a bulb (satellite) on it

Question 9

Telocentric

Answer 9

only one arm bc the centromere is at the end (not found in humans)

Question 10

chromatid

Answer 10

one copy of a newly replicated chromosome

Question 11

sister chromatids

Answer 11

exact copies of chromosome (duplicated) held together by centromeres

Question 12

Daughter chromosomes

Answer 12

separated sister chromatids

Question 13

Where is DNA located on a chromosome

Answer 13

Locus

Question 14

G1

Answer 14

cellular contents (not chromosomes) are duplicated

Question 15

S

Answer 15

each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell

Question 16

G2

Answer 16

cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for error

Question 17

What does mitosis result in

Answer 17

2 identical daughter cells

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

• condensation of chromosomes
• nucleolus shrinks
• centrioles move apart
• mitotic spindle assembles

Question 19

Prometaphase

Answer 19

• nuclear envelope breaks down
• spindle enters nuclear area
• kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetochores on sister chromatids

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

• kinetochore microtubules align the chromosomes

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

• joined centromeres of sister chromatids separate
• daughter chromosomes move towards opposite poles

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

• chromosome uncoils
• nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes
• spindle appears and nucleolus reforms

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

cytoplasm divides and parent cell becomes 2 daughter cells

Question 24

when does cytokinesis occur

Answer 24

begins during anaphase and continues through telophase

Question 25

mitosis Mnemonics

Answer 25

Idiot, Please Pass Me Another Tequila

Question 26

How many unique gametes (n) can a cell with M pairs of chromosomes make?

Answer 26

M^n

Question 27

Which Meiosis stage is similar to mitosis

Answer 27

Meiosis II

Question 28

Prophase I

Answer 28

- Leptonema - Zygonema - Pachynema - Diplonema - Diakinesis

Question 29

Leptonema

Answer 29

Condensation of chromosomes (early)

Question 30

Zygonema

Answer 30

homologous pairs align with eachother (early to middle)

Question 31

Pachynema

Answer 31

Homologous regions of nucleotides swap (tetrads cross over) (middle)

Question 32

Diplonema

Answer 32

Disassembly of synaptonemal complex (middle to late)

Question 33

pseudoautosomal regions

Answer 33

small regions that are homologous where crossing over occurs

Question 34

Meiosis prophase I Mnemonic

Answer 34

Lost Zombie Parts Dont Die

Question 35

Prometaphase I

Answer 35

- nucleolus disappears - nuclear envelope breaks down - spindle enters former nuclear area - Kinetochore microtubules on one end attach to both Kinetochores

Question 36

Metaphase I

Answer 36

Kinetochore microtubules align tetrads at the metaphase plate

Question 37

Anaphase I

Answer 37

Chromosomes of each tetrad separate, migrate towards opposite poles (Dyad)

Question 38

Sister chromatids in Meiosis 1

Answer 38

DO not separate

Question 39

Telophase 1

Answer 39

- Dyads complete migration to poles - spindle disapears - nuclear envelope forms - cytokinesis

Question 40

How is down syndrome detected

Answer 40

Karyotyping

Question 41

Kinetochores

Answer 41

protein complex assembled on centromeres