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psya02 > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychotherapy?

A

treatment of mental health disorder by psychological rather medical terms

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2
Q

what is trepanation

A

drilling holes into an individuals skull to “release demons” that were thought to be the cause of mental illnesses

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3
Q

what is institutionalization

A

separating individuals with mental illnesses from society into a hospital or restricted environment

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4
Q

what is efficacy

A

the ability for research to produce desired outcomes based on research protocols that are strictly controlled

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5
Q

what is effectiveness

A

the ability for research to produce desired outcomes based on applied research protocols

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6
Q

what is the function of typical (1st gen) anti-psychotics

A

reduces amt of dopamine activity in the brain

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7
Q

what is the role of dopamine un people who have psychotic disorders

A

to produce symptoms similar to those of psychosis

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8
Q

what can an increase in dopamine lead to

A

anxiety, agitation, and hallucinations

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9
Q

what are extrapyramidal symptoms

A

serious side effects of antipsychotic medications that include physical rigidity/involuntary body movements

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10
Q

what are tardive dykinesia

A

involuntary movement in the face, tongue or arms which usually occurs when stopping anti-psychotic drugs

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11
Q

what is the function of atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics

A

they act on dopamine and serotonin in the brain

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12
Q

what is the theory of depression

A

caused by are result of an imbalance of specific brain chemicals known as “monoamine neurotransmitters”

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13
Q

what are the three main classes of antidepressants?

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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14
Q

what is the function of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

prevented the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine remain which allowed them to stay in the synapse for a longer time which is a good thing

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15
Q

What are the four types of biological treatment for mental disorders

A
  • Medications
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • psychosurgery
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation
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16
Q

How did chlorpromazine work

A

it blocked dopamine receptors, but also made patients sleepy and had significant side effects

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17
Q

How do anti-anxiety benzodiazepines work

A

they facilitate GABA neurotransmitter activity to inhibit anxiety, but are easily tolerated and contain withdrawal symptoms

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18
Q

What are reuptake inhibitors (most common ones today)

A

they prevent neurotransmitters (have a greater effect on serotonin and less effect on norepinephrine and dopamine) from being recycled (taken back up) which increases the concentration of them in the synapse

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19
Q

what is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ?

A

induces controlled seizures and is safe + effective, but needs to be repeated multiple times

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20
Q

what is transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

uses electromagnetic currents to stimulate portions of the brain and produces small magnetic pulses that go about an inch into the brain to increase/decrease neuronal activity

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21
Q

What is psychosurgery

A

operation where psychological disorders are addressed using surgical processes like trepanation

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22
Q

what is DBS

A

embedded electrodes produce repetitive brain stimulation

23
Q

what is psychotherapy

A

an approach to helping individuals identify change and overcome problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

24
Q

what is individual therapy

A

collaborative treatment that is based on relationship b/w an individual and a therapist

25
Q

what is rapport

A

describes an individuals comfort and willingness to engage with their therapist

26
Q

how is group therapy different from individual therapy?

A

group therapy focuses more on exploring current thoughts and feelings instead of a single mental health concern

27
Q

what is humanistic therapy

A

focuses on individual characteristics with a goal of helping them devo a healthier and stronger sense of identity

28
Q

what is cognitive therapy

A

treats psychological disorder by teaching thought mgmt techniques to dispel negative thinking patterns

29
Q

what is insight therapy

A

uses a variety of techniques that help people gain more awareness of their unconscious thoughts, feelings and behaviors

30
Q

what was psychoanalysis

A

focused on unlocking the unconscious mind of patients where patients would engage in free association (saying things off the top of their head)

31
Q

what is resistance

A

occurs when a patient stops cooperating in psychoanalysis which could be because of repression (missed appointments, or forgotten dreams), insistence that they have recovered and no longer need therapy (denial) or expressing the desire to return to previously solved problems (regression)

32
Q

what is transference

A

occurs when the patient redirects feelings for another person onto the therapist

33
Q

what is behavior modification

A

process of changing problematic behaviors

34
Q

what is contingency mgmt?

A

using rewards to reinforce appropriate behaviors

35
Q

what is token economy

A

principle of behavior therapy that uses objects or symbols that are earned in response to a desired behavior

36
Q

what is applied behavior analysis (ABA)

A

reduces inappropriate behaviors and inc effective communication, adaptive learning, and appropriate social behaviors

37
Q

acceptance and commitment therapy

A

form of therapy that involves embracing and accepting our thoughts and feelings instead of immediately trying to change them

38
Q

what are self mgmt techniques

A

set of techniques that teach people to self record, monitor, and change their own behavior via reinforcement contingencies

39
Q

what are pavlov conditioning therapies

A

involves learning that is based on the association of behaviors and environmental stimuli

40
Q

what is systematic desensitization

A

treatment which aims to replace the anxious response to a stimulus with relaxation

41
Q

what are the steps of systematic desensitization

A
  • 1st step: relaxation skills in absence of anxiety provokign stimulus
  • once the patient becomes proficient at relaxing at will, the next stop is the fear hierarchy which is a chart that ranks stimuli from the most to least distressing
42
Q

what is imaginal exposure

A

involves the client imagining the source of trauma or anxiety in a safe environment

43
Q

what is flooding

A

Client is exposed to an anxiety provoking stimulus and is not allowed to escape until they are relaxed

44
Q

what is you real self

A

self perception constituted by how we view ourselves, capabilities and characteristics

45
Q

what is our ideal self

A

self perception of how we think we should be based on external sources

46
Q

what is person centered therapy

A
  • assumes that individuals have a tendency towards growth which centers on acceptance and genuine reactions from therapists
47
Q

what are the three conditions for person centered therapy

A
  • congruence
  • empathy
  • unconditional positive regard
48
Q

what is the self actualizing tendency

A

known as humans natural inclination to reach their full potential

49
Q

what is gestalts therapy

A

assets that the whole is more than the sum of its parts

50
Q

what is an adverse event

A

situation or event that triggers a negative emotional or behavioral response

51
Q

what are cognitive distortions

A

patterns of negative automatic thoughts that can become pervasive and contribute to psychological disorders

52
Q

what is the cognitive behavioral therapy

A

model of psychotherapy that combines the basic tenets of behavioral and cognitive therapies

53
Q

what is a cognitive traid

A

represents a persons belief system about their self, the world, and the future that can make one more or less susceptible to depression

54
Q
A

psya02 (6 decks)

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