chapter 15

Question 1

what is the transport system

Answer 1

made out of different parts that each serve a function and work together to move substances around a human/plant

Question 2

transport systems in humans

Answer 2

• heart
• blood
• blood vessels

Question 3

where is the heart located

Answer 3

near the centre of the chest

Question 4

how big is the heart

Answer 4

• size of a fist

Question 5

characteristics of heart

Answer 5

• strong muscles
• as heart pumps, blood is circulated in the body from head to toe

Question 6

blood contents

Answer 6

• plasma
• platelets and whiteblood cells
• redblood cells

Question 7

plasma

Answer 7

transport water and dissolved substances (digested food, mineral salts, waste products) to different parts of the body
- more than half the volume of blood

Question 8

redblood cells

Answer 8

transport oxygen to different parts of the body
- millions make up each drop of blood
- bi-concave shape to allow easy exchange of gasses

Question 9

platelets and whiteblood cells

Answer 9

serve protective function

Question 10

types of blood vessels

Answer 10

• artery
• veins
• capillary

Question 11

artery

Answer 11

carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart to the rest of the body
- blood rich in digested food which is absorbed from the small intestine
- highest pressure

Question 12

capillaries

Answer 12

• arteries branch out to small blood vessels, capillaries
• smallest and most numerous blood vessels found in the body
• carry oxygen and digested food in the blood to the cells of the body
• transport carbon dioxide and waste substances away from the cell
• exchange of gasses (diffusion), allowing cell to function effectively

Question 13

veins

Answer 13

• capillaries join to form larger blood vessels, known as veins
• carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and waste substance towards the heart
• blood returned is then pumped to lungs to receive fresh supply of oxygen

Question 14

where are capillaries located and why?

Answer 14

• capillaries are located so close to the cells of the body
• thin walls to allow diffusion/exchange of substances

Question 15

movement of substances in and out of capillary

Answer 15

• oxygen and digested food diffuse out of the capillary and into cells in the body
• concentration of oxygen in red blood cells decrease as they move through the capillary
• carbon dioxide and waste substances produced by cells in the body diffuse into the capillary and are transported away

Question 16

transport systems components

Answer 16

• leaf
• roots
• stem

Question 17

different tissues in plants

Answer 17

• xylem (water, mineral salts)
• phloem (sugar)

Question 18

how are the different tissues located

Answer 18

• WIFO
• water in (xylem)
• food out (phloem, sugar)

Question 19

how does the xylem transport water and mineral salts?

Answer 19

• roots absorb the water and mineral salts, moving upward to the leaves and other parts

Question 20

how does the phloem transport sugar?

Answer 20

• leaves trap sunlight to produce sugar, and moves upwards and downwards direction

Question 21

why do multicellular organisms need transport systems

Answer 21

allows substances to be transported quickly in organisms

Question 22

why dont unicellular organisms need transport systems

Answer 22

digested food, oxygen, waste substance can be carried to cells/removed from organisms quickly

Question 23

diffusion definition

Answer 23

• the net movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration

Question 24

diffusion example

Answer 24

• there is a higher concentration of oxygen and digested food in the capillaries than the tissues
• diffuse from capillaries to tissues
• there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and waste substance in the tissues than the capillaries
• diffuse from tissue to capillaries

Question 25

diffusion example leaves

Answer 25

- oxygen diffuses within the leaf, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings - water vapour is also released - carbon dioxide diffuses from the air, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings

Question 26

diffusion example roots

Answer 26

- dissolved mineral salts diffuse into root cells - mineral salts diffuse from root cells into xylem - mineral salts are transported to the rest of the plant through the xylem - root cells have a lower concentration of dissolved mineral cells as compared to in the soil

Question 27

osmosis

Answer 27

- net transfer of water molecules from a region with higher concentration to a region with lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 28

osmosis in roots

Answer 28

- more water molecules are present in the soil as compared to the root cells - root cells have cell membranes that are semi-permeable - water enters root cells through osmosis - water moves across root cells cell to cell via osmosis - water is transported to the rest of the plant via xylem

Question 29

nearvous system

Answer 29

- poor balance and coordination - slower reaction - insomia - anxiety

Question 30

circulatory system

Answer 30

- irregular heartbeat - increase heart rate - anything related to heart/blood

Question 31

respiratory system

Answer 31

- lung cancer - emphysema

Question 32

digestive system

Answer 32

- nausea - increased risk of mouth/throat caner - tooth decay - stomach ulcer

Question 33

reproductive system

Answer 33

- infertility

Question 34

ethical issues for organ transplant

Answer 34

- is donor making decision willingly - is donor given full info about organ donation to make decision - ensure fairness of allocation of organs - increase patients survival - alternative treatments while patient is waiting - age - improved quality of life