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yr 2 science eye > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

types of forces

A
  • contact force
  • non-contact force
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2
Q

contact forces:

A
  • friction
  • elastic force
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3
Q

friction definition

A

force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces in contact

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4
Q

friction example

A
  • climbers use chalk, which absorbs moisture, increasing friction and improving their grip.
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5
Q

elastic force

A

force that allows a stretched/compressed object to return to its original shape

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6
Q

elastic force examples

A

climbing ropes: can stretch and exert elastic force. when a climber falls, the elastic force exerted increases, reducing impact

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7
Q

non-contact forces:

A
  • gravitational forces
  • magnetic force
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8
Q

gravitational force

A

force that attracts 2 objects towards each other

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9
Q

weight definition

A

measure of gravitational force acting on an object

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10
Q

magnetic force

A

force exerted between a magnet and another magnetic material/magnet

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11
Q

attraction and repulsion

A
  • like poles repel
  • unlike poles attract
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12
Q

magnetic force example

A

maglev train
- due to repulsion, the train floats slightly above the track
- reduces friction, allowing the train to travel faster

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13
Q

SI unite of weight

A

N, Newton

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14
Q

mass definition

A

amount of matter in an object

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15
Q

SI unit of mass

A

kg, kilogram

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16
Q

how to measure forces

A

spring balance

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17
Q

pulling a block using a spring balance, smooth VS rough surface

A

smooth: less force needed
rough: more force needed

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18
Q

weight in different location

A
  • changes with location
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19
Q

mass in different location

A
  • remains the same regardless of location
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20
Q

changes in state of rest/motion of an object

A
  • move a stationary object
  • stop a moving object
  • change the speed of object
  • change in direction in which object moves
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21
Q

pivot definition

A

the point around which the object can rotate or turn

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22
Q

turning effect example

A

removing lid of a tin can

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23
Q

changes in size/shape of object

A
  • blowing up balloon
  • change of shape of sponge
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24
Q

pressure

A

an effect of force acting on an object

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25
pressure factors
- amount of force - contact area
26
pressure formula
force/area = pressure n/m2, Pa (pascal)
27
pressure example (needle)
- needle has to be very sharp - surface area with skin is small - high pressure is applied -> pierce skin easily
28
pressure in liquids
- the deeper we are underwater, the high the pressure
29
application of pressure in liquid: dam
base of dam is very thick because water pressure is higher at the base of the dam compared to the top - when water levels rise, pressure at the bottom will increase -> thicker walls
30
atmospheric pressure relationship (height)
the higher we are, the less atmospheric pressure
31
drinking straw
- when you suck on a straw, air is removed from inside of it - air pressure in straw decreases, becoming lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure - high atmospheric pressure pushes liquid up the straw and into the mouth
32
suction cup
- when the suction cup is pressed down, air is pushed out from under the cup - air pressure between the surface and suction cup decreases (lower than atmospheric pressure) - higher atmospheric pressure holds suction cup in place
33
work done
- when a force is applied on an object and causes it to move the same direction as the force
34
work down unit
joules (J)
35
work done conditions
- force applied on object - object moves in same direction as force
36
lifting a box from the floor (work done?)
yes
37
carrying a box in a fixed position (work done?)
no
38
box is carried and moved forward (work done?)
no
39
check page 24 textbook
40
sources of energy:
- fossil fuels - bio-fuels - nuclear energy - geothermal energy - wind energy - solar energy - hydroelectric energy
41
fossil fuel:
- non-renewable - formed from remains of dead animals/plants
42
fossil fuels equation
chemical potential energy -> heat energy -> kinetic energy -> electrical energy
43
impact of fossil fuels on the environment
- releases air pollutants - contribute to global warming
44
solar energy
solar panels trapping sunlight to convert to electrical energy
45
solar energy equation
light energy (the sun) -> electrical energy (solar cell)
46
impact of solar panels
- envrionmentally friendly - disposal/production may generate toxic waste
47
hydroelectric energy
electrical energy generated by turbines when moving water powers them - stores water behind the dam - water released powers turbines to generate electrical energy
48
hydroelectric energy equation
gpe (water behind dam) -> kinetic energy (water) -> kinetic energy (turbine) -> electrical energy (geneator)
49
hydroelectric energy explained
- reservoir water stores GPE - water runs down passageway high speed -> GPE->KE - moving water turns blade of turbine KE of water -> KE of turbine - KE of blades -> EE in generator
50
impact of hydroelectric energy
- water may flood -> kills plants and animal\ - new fishing spots
51
wind energy
wind turbines convert energy from wind to EE
52
wind energy equation
- kinetic energy (wind) -> kinetic energy (turbine) -> electrical energy (generator)
53
wind energy explained
- wind blows at wind turbine - kinetic energy of wind is transferred to to the blades of the turbine - blades rotate - generator connected generates electrical energy
54
impact of wind energy
- large plots of land had to be cleared to build wind farms - potential lost of wildlife/habitat - birds may die - nosie pollution
55
geothermal energy
heat stored in earth - harnessed to generate electrical energy
56
geothermal energy equation
- heat energy (earth's core) - KE (steam) - KE (turbine) - EE (generator)
57
geothermal energy explained
- goethermal plant uses heat from deep inside earth's core generate steam - powers turbine - produce energy
58
goethermal process
- cooled water is pumped in hot rocks inside earth's core - cooled water is heated by geothermal energy and turns into steam - hot water and steam is pumped to earth's surface - steam is sued to power turbine and generator to generate EE
59
impact of geothermal
- require cleaning of land - destroy habitats - traces of toxic elements burried are drawn out
60
biofuels
- animal waste/plant materials that cannot be eated - recycling food waste (cooking oil)
61
biofuels equation
- cpe (biofuel) - heat energy - KE (vehicle)
62
biofuels explained
- plants are grown - plant (waste) used to make biofuels - biofuels mix with other fuels + power vehicles -carbon dioxide released when fuel burns is absorbed by plants
63
impact of biofuels
- burning biofuels release air pollutants - plants used can be grown again quickly - biofuels can be used for cooking - reduce waste - balance amount of CO2 released with CO2 absorbed
64
nuclear energy
- energy harnessed from nucleus of an atom - obtained through nuclear reactions -> EE
65
nuclear energy equation
- nuclear energy (atom) - heat energy - KE (turbine) - EE (generator)
66
nuclear energy explained
- nuclear power plants generate EE using heavy atoms - atoms split into smaller ones, large heat is released - used to boil water - steam produce powers turbines to generate EE
67
nuclear energy impact
- health risks - nuclear accidents

yr 2 science eye (12 decks)

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