Chapter 15

Question 1

Offered startling ideas on space, time, energy, and matter. Greatest scientific genius since Isaac Newton

Answer 1

Albert Einstein

Question 2

Albert Einstein’s ideas about the interrelationships between time and space and between energy and matter

Answer 2

Theory of relativity

Question 3

Austrian physician who constructed the theory about the human mind, “The Interpretation of Dreams”

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions

Answer 4

Existentialism

Question 5

German philosopher who influenced the idea of existentialism

Answer 5

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 6

20th century style of popular music developed mainly by African American musicians

Answer 6

Jazz

Question 7

American pilot who solo flew around from New York to Paris

Answer 7

Charles Lindbergh

Question 8

Temporary alliance of several parties

Answer 8

Coalition government

Question 9

Germany’s New Democratic government set up in 1919

Answer 9

Weimar Republic

Question 10

The severe economic slump that followed the collapse of the U.S. stick market in 1929

Answer 10

Great Depression

Question 11

1932 president elected after the Depression had begun, sought to restore Americans faith in their nation

Answer 11

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 12

President Franklin Roosevelt’s economic reform program designed to solve the problems created by the Great Depression

Answer 12

New Deal

Question 13

Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

Answer 13

Fascism

Question 14

Newspaper editor and politician who boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces

Answer 14

Benito Mussolini

Question 15

Little known political leader who’s early life was marked by disappointment, leader of nazi party

Answer 15

Adolf Hitler

Question 16

German brand of fascism

Answer 16

Nazism

Question 17

Book wrote by Hitler that set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

Answer 17

Mein Kampf

Question 18

Living space

Answer 18

Lebensraum

Question 19

Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace

Answer 19

Appeasement

Question 20

Germany, Italy, and Japan came to be called…

Answer 20

Axis Power

Question 21

general who was in a revolt that began a civil war that dragged on for three years

Answer 21

Francisco Franco

Question 22

The belief that political ties entry into World War I had been a costly error

Answer 22

Isolationism

Question 23

German Empire

Answer 23

Third Reich

Question 24

Meeting between Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, in Munich, Germany

Answer 24

Munich Conference

Question 25

What effects did Einstein’s theory of relatively and Freud’s theory of the unconscious have on the public?

Answer 25

created a revolution in science and study of human behavior; disturbing many people and leading them to question their own beliefs.

Question 26

What advances were made in transportation and communications between 1920-1930?

Answer 26

The automobile got technological upgrades, including air filled tires and more powerful engines. Travel by airplane was improved, and international plane travel was created. The radio was an essential part of communication, in both war and common society. Movies became a major industry.

Question 27

Why was the Weimar republic considered weak? List three reasons.

Answer 27

First, Germany lacked a strong democratic tradition. Furthermore, postwar Germany has several major political parties and many minor ones. Worst of all, millions of Germans blamed the Weimar Republic, not the wartime leaders, for their defeat and humiliation.

Question 28

What caused the stock market crash of 1929?

Answer 28

panic selling, buying of margin, stocks loss value, more money invested into ag and business

Question 29

What was the Dawes Plan? How did it affect the German economy?

Answer 29

provided for a $200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German currency and strengthen its economy Set a more realistic schedule for Germany’s reparations Helped slow inflation

Question 30

For what political and economic reasons did the Italians turn to Mussolini?

Answer 30

The Italians had bitter disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Rising inflation and unemployment contributed. The upper and middle classes feared a Communist revolution, as in Russia.

Question 31

List three of Hilter’s beliefs and goals presented in Mein Kampf?

Answer 31

He believed that Germans, especially those with blonde hair and blue eyes, (Aryans) were a master race. He declared non Aryan races, such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies, were inferior. He vowed to regain the land taken from Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 32

How did Japan plan to solve its economic problems?

Answer 32

foreign expansion, gaining raw materials from china, increasing living space

Question 33

Why was Germany's reoccupation of the Rhineland a significant turning point towards war?

Answer 33

military was convinced Hitler could succeed, balance power shifts toward Germany, Hitler continues to take territory.

Question 34

Briefly describe the spanish civil war. Include when it occurred, who fought, and who won.

Answer 34

It began in July 1936 and lasted for 3 years. The nationalists consisted of army leaders, the leader Francisco Franco, and Hitler and Mussolini's troops. The republicans were the supporters of Spain's elected government, and received little international help. The nationalists won, and Franco became the fascist leader.