Chapter 15

Question 1

The Amendment to the Constitution that ended the practice of slavery throughout the United States was the

Answer 1

Thirteenth

Question 2

Reconstruction of the South after the Civil War was viewed by the victorious Northerners as

Answer 2

The only way the South could be prevented from restoring their pre-Civil War society

Question 3

The era of Reconstruction can best be described as

Answer 3

An important first step toward civil rights

Question 4

When the Confederate armies surrendered,

Answer 4

Lincoln would allow no formal peace treaty to be signed between the Confederate and federal governments

Question 5

In the aftermath of emancipation, most African Americans wanted all of the following improvements in their lives except

Answer 5

Desegregated schools and fraternal societies

Question 6

Radical Republicans in Congress believed that reconstructing the South should include all of the following measures except

Answer 6

the permanent occupation of the South by the Union Army

Question 7

Republicans Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner urged that

Answer 7

large numbers of Southern whites be disenfranchised

Question 8

President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction can best be described as

Answer 8

mild

Question 9

The Freedmen’s Bureau eventually had all of the following powers except

Answer 9

creating a welfare system

Question 10

Before the end of the Civil War, the Reconstruction plan advanced by Congress in opposition to Lincoln’s “Ten Percent Plan” was the

Answer 10

Wade-Davis Bill

Question 11

To many Northerners, the murder of Abraham Lincoln

Answer 11

seemed to indicate a large conspiracy on the part of the defeated South

Question 12

Instead of using the term Reconstruction for his program for the South, Andrew Johnson called it

Answer 12

restoration

Question 13

The unique feature of President Andrew Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction was

Answer 13

individual pardons for wealthy Southerners

Question 14

Radical Reconstruction officially began when

Answer 14

Congress reconvened in December, 1865

Question 15

The purpose of the Black Codes was to

Answer 15

guarantee white supremacy in the South

Question 16

During 1865 and 1866, Northern opinion grew hostile toward the South because of all of the following developments except

Answer 16

the assassination of a number of Southern Republican governors

Question 17

All of the following describe the first Civil Rights Act passed by Congress in 1866 except

Answer 17

allowed for individual pardons for wealthy southern planters

Question 18

The first official definition of citizenship was included in

Answer 18

the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 19

All of the following actions by Andrew Johnson angered Congress except

Answer 19

the appointment of a Southerner to the Supreme Court

Question 20

The Republican Congress responded to the establishment of Black Codes in the South by

Answer 20

extending the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 21

The former Confederate state that escaped most of Radical Reconstruction was

Answer 21

Tennessee

Question 22

The Congressional Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Answer 22

divided the South into military districts

Question 23

The provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to vote to

Answer 23

Blacks

Question 24

The Tenure of Office Act was designed to

Answer 24

prohibit the president from removing cabinet members without the Senate’s approval

Question 25

When Andrew Johnson was impeached, the House had

Answer 25

accused him of a crime

Question 26

After the House impeached Andrew Johnson, his trial in the Senate ended in

Answer 26

an acquittal

Question 27

Republican Reconstruction governments were supported by all of the following groups except

Answer 27

redeemers

Question 28

Black freedmen attempted to exercise their rights by all of the following methods except

Answer 28

advocating their colonization in Africa

Question 29

During Reconstruction, no Southern black was elected to

Answer 29

a state governorship

Question 30

The most positive accomplishment of Reconstruction in the South was

Answer 30

improving public education

Question 31

During Reconstruction, educational reform was promoted by all of the following groups except

Answer 31

Southern Democrats

Question 32

By the end of Reconstruction, the majority of Southern blacks

Answer 32

were tenant farmers

Question 33

During Reconstruction, the per capita income for Southern blacks

Answer 33

increased substantially

Question 34

The crop lien system that developed in the South during Reconstruction involved all of the following factors except

Answer 34

it was administered primarily by country banks

Question 35

Ulysses S. Grant is considered to have been

Answer 35

a failure as president

Question 36

Grant’s administration developed substantial opposition because

Answer 36

he allowed corruption to develop in his administration

Question 37

A key factor in Ulysses S. Grant’s victory in the presidential election of 1868 was

Answer 37

the huge black vote for Grant in the South

Question 38

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved

Answer 38

fraudulent construction contracts for the Union Pacific Railroad

Question 39

The Panic of 1873

Answer 39

was the worst depression that the United States had experienced up until that time

Question 40

The supporters of greenbacks wanted to

Answer 40

inflate the currency

Question 41

The Specie Resumption Act of 1875 provided that greenbacks would be

Answer 41

redeemed for gold certificates

Question 42

The Alabama claims were monetary claims by

Answer 42

Americans against the British

Question 43

To intimidate and subjugate newly freed blacks during Reconstruction, Southern whites used all of the following tactics except

Answer 43

Whites forced the blacks into ghettos so that they could be better controlled

Question 44

The split in the Southern branch of the Republican Party in 1872 resulted in

Answer 44

many white Republicans eventually joining the Democratic party

Question 45

By the early 1870s, Ku Klux Klan violence against African-Americans was

Answer 45

on the decline

Question 46

In the presidential election of 1876, the Republicans hoped to get the problems of the Grant administration behind them by nominating

Answer 46

Rutherford B. Hayes

Question 47

The terms of the Compromise of 1877 included all of the following provisions except

Answer 47

giving Republicans control of federal patronage in the South

Question 48

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in the

Answer 48

end of Reconstruction in the South

Question 49

By the end of the Reconstruction period, all of the following developments had occurred except

Answer 49

most national leaders had become willing to infringe on the rights of states

Question 50

The revisionist view of Reconstruction challenged the traditional view of Reconstruction that was advanced by

Answer 50

William A. Dunning

Question 51

Current historical thought considers Reconstruction to have been

Answer 51

much more successful than first thought

Question 52

During the Second Reconstruction that occurred in the 1860s and 1870s, blacks benefited from legislation passed during Reconstruction that is known as the

Answer 52

Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

Question 53

Southern politics after Reconstruction was dominated by

Answer 53

Democrats

Question 54

Of the following groups, the least likely to become “Redeemers” were

Answer 54

blacks

Question 55

The “Readjusters”demanded that

Answer 55

Southern state governments put more money toward state services

Question 56

Post-Reconstruction industry in the South

Answer 56

far surpassed that of the years before the Civil War

Question 57

The industrial workforce of the South

Answer 57

Included a large number of women

Question 58

Industrial workers in the New South were

Answer 58

predominantly women

Question 59

In the 1870s and 1880s, Southern agriculture exhibited all of the following general characteristics except

Answer 59

new machinery and farming techniques appeared quickly

Question 60

The crop-lien system of agriculture had all of the following results except

Answer 60

reliance on cash crops decreased

Question 61

In discussing the origins of segregation, historians offered all of the following interpretations except

Answer 61

the refusal of blacks to vote for members of the white elite led to the loss of all their rights

Question 62

In The Strange Career of Jim Crow, C. Vann Woodward argued that

Answer 62

laws of the 1890s institutionalized segregation in the South

Question 63

Historian Leon Litwack

Answer 63

showed that segregation existed in the North before the Civil War

Question 64

After Reconstruction, the South began to reassert white supremacy by all of the following means except

Answer 64

anti-lynching laws

Question 65

Most members of the black middle class that developed in the South in the late 1800s worked as

Answer 65

doctors, lawyers, nurses, or teachers for other blacks

Question 66

According to Booker T. Washington, the ideal of black education was to

Answer 66

teach blacks technical skills so they could get jobs in agriculture or trades

Question 67

Southerners deprived black Americans of their civil rights by all of the following means except

Answer 67

prohibiting black schools

Question 68

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed to stand the practice of

Answer 68

separate but equal public facilities

Question 69

Southerners deprived black Americans of their right to vote by all of the following means except

Answer 69

Residency requirements

Question 70

The process of depriving African Americans of the right to vote in the South

Answer 70

consisted of such regulations as literacy tests and poll taxes

Question 71

Lynching in the South after Reconstruction

Answer 71

more than 80 percent of the lynchings in the entire nation, even surpassing the Far West

Question 72

Prior to the Civil War, minstrel shows

Answer 72

contained ridiculous and ignorant portrayals of African-American culture

Question 73

Lincoln’s plan for the readmission of former Confederate states to the Union

Answer 73

included provisions for providing freed slaves political and civil rights

Question 74

Radical Republicans proposed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution because

Answer 74

they wanted the constitution, not the emancipation proclamation, to acknowledge the end of slavery

Question 75

Corruption in Southern Reconstruction governments was

Answer 75

part of the post-Civil War political culture throughout the nation

Question 76

The most convincing evidence that “negro rule” during Reconstruction was not a valid concept is

Answer 76

freedmen controlled no state legislatures and no governorships

Question 77

During Grant’s first term as president, the Republican Party divided over

Answer 77

the blatant use of patronage to solidify his support within the party

Question 78

Republican support for the Compromise of 1877 came from

Answer 78

a desire to maintain office, and declining interest in civil rights for blacks

Question 79

One of the most important legacies of Reconstruction for America was the

Answer 79

ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

Question 80

In the Atlanta Constitution, Henry Grady championed the idea that

Answer 80

Southern culture and economy should adopt Northern commercial values

Question 81

The crop-lien system in the South after the Civil War had all of the following effects except

Answer 81

increased opportunity to establish farms that were mainly self-sufficient

Question 82

“Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know” best expresses the ideas of

Answer 82

Booker T. Washington in the “Atlanta Compromise”

Question 83

The white power structure in the “redeemed” South designed voting laws to

Answer 83

to stop both blacks and poor whites from politically uniting against them