Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is engineering?
using science and math to make something that solves a problem
What is genetic engineering?
changing genetic material to change an organism’s characteristics
What is artificial selection?
humans selection of desirable characteristic in an organism to breed
What is selective breeding?
only letting select organisms breed
What are the two types of selective breeding?
hybridization & inbreeding
What is hybridization?
crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
What is inbreeding
continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
What is cloning?
genetically identical organism from donated body cell
What is gene therapy?
replacement of a defective gene with a working one
What is a vector?
carrier
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
organism that has had a gene implanted from another source
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA combined from two or more sources
What is a transgenic?
an organism with DNA from another species
What is plasmid?
secondary source of DNA in many types of bacteria, shared between bacterium
In the recombinant DNA technique, what cuts the plasmid?
restriction enzyme
