Chapter 35: Immune System & Disease Flashcards
Who theorized the germ theory of disease?
Paster & Koch
What is the germ theory of diseases?
diseases are caused mainly by microorganisms with the goal of invading and reproducing in a host
What are the four main pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists
What is immunity?
The ability to fight infections by killing infected cells
What is the immune system?
system that recognizes harmful organisms and responds appropriately to maintain homeostasis
What is a pathogen?
disease causing organism
What is an antigen?
toxin that pathogens produce
What are the parts of the immune system?
white blood cells (lymphocytes), Lymph nodes, Thymus gland (produce helper-T cells), Bone Marrow (produce helper-B cells)
What are the body’s three lines of defense?
skin, nonspecific response, and specific response
How is the skin a defense?
hard to penetrate and has acidic environment
What happens in a nonspecific response?
macrophages eat pathogens, natural cell killers (kill infected cells), inflammation, and fever
What happens in a specific response?
creation of antibodies by helper B-cells (recognize specific antigens and deactivate them)
What is a primary immune response?
first time the body gets infected with the pathogen
What is a secondary immune response?
second time the body gets infected with a pathogen (much quicker killing)
What is active immunity?
when body is actively producing antibodies
