Chapter 31: Nervous System

Question 1

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 1

collect information

Question 2

What is the function of the central nervous system?

Answer 2

processes and responds to information

Question 3

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

mostly nerves

Question 4

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What transmits impulses?

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Answer 6

send impulses from sensory organs to central nervous system

Question 7

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 7

send impulses from central nervous system to muscles and glands

Question 8

What is the function of interneurons?

Answer 8

process information from sensory neurons and sends commands to other interneurons or motor neurons

Question 9

What makes up a neuron?

Answer 9

cell body, dendrites (receive impulses), and axon (carries impulses to terminals)

Question 10

What insulates the axon?

Answer 10

myelin sheath

Question 11

How does a impulse begin?

Answer 11

when neuron is stimulated by another neuron/environment

Question 12

How is resting potential produced?

Answer 12

when the inside of the cell becomes negatively charged compared to the outside

Question 13

When is action potential/ nerve impulse produced?

Answer 13

when the inside is positively charged compared to outside

Question 14

Can stimuli weaker than the threshold produce an impulse?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What is a synapse?

Answer 15

when an impulse is transferred from one neuron to another cell

Question 16

How does the synapse occur?

Answer 16

vesicles carry neurotransmitters (chemicals that transmit impulses) which are released and diffuse into the synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters then bind to receptors of the receiving cell, which opens the cells ion channels. If the stimulation is stronger than the threshold, a new impulse begins. neurotransmitters are either recycled or broken down by enzymes

Question 17

What are the tree major parts of the brain?

Answer 17

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

Question 18

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

main link between body and brain

Question 19

What is the spinal cord made of?

Answer 19

large cluster of neurons

Question 20

What is a reflex?

Answer 20

quick, automatic response

Question 21

What are the functions of the cerebrum (largest region)?

Answer 21

voluntary activities, intelligence, learning, and judgement

Question 22

Is it true that each hemisphere deals mainly witn the other side of the body?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Where is the limbic system? What is its function?

Answer 23

Region deep within the brain that controls emotional behaviors and memory

Question 24

Where are the thalamus and hypothalamus located?

Answer 24

between brain stem and cerebrum

Question 25

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 25

relays messages from sensory organs to proper region of the brain

Question 26

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 26

recognition, analysis of hunger, fatigue, anger, and body temperature, and helps coordinate nervous snd endocrine systems

Question 27

Where is the cerebellum (second largest region)? What is it function?

Answer 27

back and lower region of the brain. Helps coordinate and balance actions of these muscles. (muscle memory)

Question 28

Where is the brain stem? What is its function?

Answer 28

located bellow cerebellum and controls vital functions like blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing, and swallowing

Question 29

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

Answer 29

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 30

What are the four lobes of the brain and location?

Answer 30

frontal lobe (top, front), temporal lobe (lower, front), parietal lobe (top, back), and occipital lobe (lower, back)

Question 31

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 31

evaluating consequences, making judgments, and forming plans

Question 32

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 32

controlling hearing and smell

Question 33

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 33

control reading and speech

Question 34

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 34

vision

Question 35

What are the five sensory receptors?

Answer 35

chemoreceptors (chemicals), photoreceptors (light), mechanoreceptors (touch, pressure, stretch), thermoreceptors (temperature changes), pain receptors (tissue injury)

Question 36

How is the somatic nervous system controlled?

Answer 36

conscious control

Question 37

What is a reflex arc

Answer 37

quick impulse that is processed by spinal cord and responded to (reflex)

Question 38

What controls the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 38

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which fine tune involuntary actions like heart rate

Question 39

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 39

collect information about the body's internal and external environment, process it, and respond to it