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psych 101 > chapter 15 key terms > Flashcards

chapter 15 key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack.

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2
Q

Define antisocial personality disorder.

A

Characterized by a lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds.

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3
Q

What characterizes an anxiety disorder?

A

Excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior.

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4
Q

What is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

A

A childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior.

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5
Q

What does ‘atypical’ refer to?

A

Behaviors or feelings that deviate from the norm.

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6
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A

A childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests.

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7
Q

What are bipolar and related disorders?

A

A group of mood disorders in which mania is the defining feature.

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8
Q

Define bipolar disorder.

A

A mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.

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9
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance.

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10
Q

Describe borderline personality disorder.

A

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, as well as impulsivity.

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11
Q

What is catatonic behavior?

A

Decreased reactivity to the environment; includes posturing and catatonic stupor.

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12
Q

Define comorbidity.

A

Co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual.

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13
Q

What is a delusion?

A

A belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence.

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14
Q

What characterizes depersonalization/derealization disorder?

A

Feeling detached from the self (depersonalization), and the world feels artificial and unreal (derealization).

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15
Q

What is a depressive disorder?

A

One of a group of mood disorders in which depression is the defining feature.

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16
Q

What is diagnosis in psychology?

A

Determination of which disorder a set of symptoms represents.

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17
Q

What is the DSM-5?

A

Authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

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18
Q

What does the diathesis-stress model suggest?

A

People with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress.

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19
Q

What is disorganized thinking?

A

Disjointed and incoherent thought processes, usually detected by what a person says.

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20
Q

What does disorganized/abnormal motor behavior entail?

A

Highly unusual behaviors and movements, repeated and purposeless movements, and displaying odd facial expressions and gestures.

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21
Q

Define dissociative amnesia.

A

Dissociative disorder characterized by an inability to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience.

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22
Q

What are dissociative disorders?

A

Group of DSM-5 disorders in which the primary feature is dissociation from core sense of self, resulting in disturbances in identity and memory.

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23
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Symptom of dissociative amnesia in which a person suddenly wanders away from home and experiences confusion about their identity.

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24
Q

Define dissociative identity disorder.

A

Dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct personalities and experiences memory gaps.

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25
What is the dopamine hypothesis?
Theory of schizophrenia proposing that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia.
26
What does etiology refer to?
Cause or causes of a psychological disorder.
27
What is a flashback?
Psychological state lasting from a few seconds to several days, during which one relives a traumatic event.
28
What is a flight of ideas?
Symptom of mania that involves abruptly switching conversation from one topic to another.
29
What characterizes generalized anxiety disorder?
Continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension.
30
Define grandiose delusion.
Characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important.
31
What is a hallucination?
Perceptual experience occurring in the absence of external stimulation, such as auditory hallucinations.
32
What is harmful dysfunction?
Model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function.
33
What characterizes hoarding disorder?
Persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value or usefulness.
34
What does the hopelessness theory propose?
A style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to hopelessness and depression.
35
What is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)?
Authoritative index of mental and physical diseases, including infectious diseases, published by the World Health Organization (WHO).
36
What is the locus coeruleus?
Area of the brainstem that contains norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in the fight-or-flight response.
37
Define major depressive disorder.
Commonly referred to as depression, characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities.
38
What is mania?
State of extreme elation and agitation.
39
What is a manic episode?
Period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by euphoric mood and increased activity levels.
40
What is a mood disorder?
Group of disorders characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions.
41
What are negative symptoms?
Decreases and absences in certain normal behaviors, emotions, or drives.
42
What is a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Disorders first diagnosed in childhood involving developmental problems in academic, intellectual, and social functioning.
43
What are obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?
Group of overlapping disorders that involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and/or repetitive behaviors.
44
Define obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and the need to engage in repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
45
What is the orbitofrontal cortex?
Area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision-making.
46
What is a panic attack?
Period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly.
47
What characterizes panic disorder?
Anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks and at least one month of worry about them.
48
What is a paranoid delusion?
Characterized by beliefs that others are out to harm them.
49
What is peripartum onset?
Subtype of depression that applies to people who experience major depression during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.
50
What is persistent depressive disorder?
Depressive disorder characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood.
51
Define personality disorder.
Group of disorders characterized by an inflexible and pervasive personality style that causes distress and impairment.
52
What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Condition where experiencing a traumatic event leads to symptoms like intrusive memories and avoidance behaviors.
53
What is a prodromal symptom?
One of the early minor symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia.
54
What is a psychological disorder?
Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
55
What is psychopathology?
Study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment.
56
Define rumination.
Tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one’s depressed symptoms.
57
What are safety behaviors?
Mental and behavioral acts designed to reduce anxiety in social situations.
58
What is schizophrenia?
Severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior.
59
What is a seasonal pattern in depression?
Subtype of depression where symptoms occur only during a particular time of year.
60
What characterizes social anxiety disorder?
Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations that could lead to negative evaluation.
61
Define somatic delusion.
Belief that something highly unusual is happening to one’s body or internal organs.
62
What is a specific phobia?
Anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a specific object or situation.
63
What is suicidal ideation?
Thoughts of death by suicide, planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
64
What is suicide?
Death caused by intentional, self-directed injurious behavior.
65
What does 'supernatural' refer to?
A force beyond scientific understanding.
66
What is a ventricle in the brain?
One of the fluid-filled cavities within the brain.

psych 101 (9 decks)

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