Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(98 cards)
Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)
§ Considered the father of
_________
modern psychiatry
________: views
psychological conditions as
sets of symptoms, causes,
and outcomes, with
treatments aimed at
changing physiological
processes
Medical model
______: A more holistic
view of mental
health that
recognizes that
physiological
processes interact
with psychological
and social factors
biopsychosocial model
who developed the medical model?
Emil Kraepelin
______ behaviour: Causes distress to self or
others
§ Impairs ability to function
in daily activities
§ Increases risk of injury,
death, legal infractions
maladaptive
what counts as abnormal?
maladaptive behaviour
______:
establishes criteria for
the diagnosis of mental
disorders
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual for
Mental Disorders (DSM)
what three things does the DSM contain for each mental disorder?
- Set of symptoms
- Etiology (causes) of
symptoms - Prognosis of how
symptoms change
over time
T/F: there’s a spectrum to maladaptive behaviour
true, there’s “normal” amounts of each maladaptive behaviour… depends on strength and longevity of behaviour!
why is the DSM so important?
standardizes it! allows people to talk about disorders with consistent framework
what are some critics of the DSM?
Subjective component
from clinician- clinician has personal bias
Lack of objective
diagnostic methods
(genetics, brain imaging)
pharmaceutical industry might have had too much influence in creating it
Arbitrary diagnostic criteria, need to have 6/10 symptoms… but cutoff number should be fluid!
Promoting overdiagnosis
(e.g., ADHD) vs diagnostic
inconsistency
_____: Standardized language and
hope of treatments, makes things consistent! can help patients if they know what’s happening to them
labels
______: negative views
of and biases towards the
mentally ill, getting a label can lead to a loss of self-esteem
§ Self-fulfilling prophecies
Stigmatization
where does mental illness stigma come from?
ignorance
education can solve many of these issues!
what was David Rosenhan’s experiment?
being sane in insane places
he pretended to have a mental breakdown, got admitted to psychiatric hospitals, then acted totally sane… took up to weeks-months to be released
once they got the label of a diagnosis, the doctors/nurses viewed all their behaviour through this lens…
T/F: Labels alter the lens
through which we
view people
true!! ex: David Rosenhan’s experiment
T/F: insanity is a diagnosis
false, its a legal term NOT a diagnosis
________ Defense:
a legal claim that a
defendant was unable to
differentiate between right
and wrong when the
criminal act was
committed
Mental Disorder
if someone wins with a mental disorder defense, what happens?
held not criminally responsible, go to a psychiatric hospital instead of prison
what is the myth of violence?
that whenever a violent act occurs, people ask about mental illness
T/F: Violence associated
with substance abuse,
regardless of mental
illness
true!! its the substance abuse that causes this increase in violence
how does the availability heuristic relate to our perceptions of mental illness and violence?
we’re much more likely to remeber these weird, gruesome crimes committed by people with mental illness
so its at the front of our mind, affecting our personal biases!
_______: Unusual patterns of behaviour for one’s culture that are
maladaptive and resistant to change
personality disorders
______ Disorders
§ Odd or eccentric
behaviour
Cluster A
