Chapter 15 Study Questions (Pt. 1)

Question 1

what blood component initiates the formation of a blood clot and where is it derived from?

Answer 1

• platelets
• bone marrow

Question 2

what is the role of thrombin in blood clots?

Answer 2

cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin to form a mesh to further trap WBC and RBC to form a blood clot

Question 3

what is the role of fibrinogen in blood clots?

Answer 3

cleaved to fibrin to form a mesh to further trap WBC and RBC to form a blood clot

Question 4

what is the role of tissue plasminogen activator in blood clots?

Answer 4

tPA is an enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down blood clots

cleaves plasminogen to plasmin that in turn dissolves the blood clot to remove it

Question 5

what is the role of plasminogen in blood clots?

Answer 5

dissolve blood clot

Question 6

reticulocytes mature into what?

Answer 6

erythrocytes

Question 7

erythrocytes are the matured form of what?

Answer 7

reticulocytes

Question 8

what is the function of the biconcave shape of a RBC? (2)

Answer 8

1. large surface area to facilitate gas exchange
2. flexible and bendable for passing through narrow capillaries

Question 9

why do RBCs have a relatively short life span? (3)

Answer 9

to mature from reticulo -> erythrocyte, they dump a lot of stuff out.

• get rid of inner content to make room for Hbs
  1. no nucleus = no new mRNA
  2. no ribosomes = make no protein
  3. no mitochondria = no TCA cycle and ox phos

Question 10

what do RBCs use as an energy source to make ATP? what process do they use?

so what?

Answer 10

blood glucose to make ATP by glycolysis.

have to maintain and minimum blood glucose level.

Question 11

what happens when blood glucose levels are depleted short term?

Answer 11

break down glycogen to get glucose, then resort to using AAs instead.

use glucose, then proteins!

Question 12

triglycerides are a great energy source for ATP production via what pathway?

Answer 12

citric acid cycle

Question 13

how do triglycerides use the citric acid cycle to make ATP?

Answer 13

make glucose from glycerol

Question 14

glycerol from triglycerides is not enough to maintain blood glucose levels, so what happens with long term starvation?

Answer 14

best source would be fatty acids from triglycerides, but under starvation conditions the body uses AAs from proteins

Question 15

what do we use to maintain blood glucose levels when we’re full?

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

what do we do to maintain blood glucose levels at night?

Answer 16

glycogen -> glucose

Question 17

what do we do to maintain blood glucose levels in starvation conditions?

Answer 17

proteins –> AAs –> glucose