Chapter 15 Textbook Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 15 Textbook Deck (28)
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1
Q

maladaptive

A

interferes with normal day-to-day life

2
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

3
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occurs without a DNA change

4
Q

relationship between poverty and psychological disorders

A
  • poverty related stressers can trigger disorders

- disabling disorders can also contribute to poverty

5
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety

6
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

7
Q

phobia

A

anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

8
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) actions (compulsions), or both

9
Q

Obsessions

A

repetitive thoughts

10
Q

Compulsions

A

repetitive behaviours

11
Q

mania

A

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

12
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

13
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

14
Q

delusion

A

a false belief, often of persecution, that may accompany psychotic disorders

15
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

16
Q

acute schizophrenia

A

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods

17
Q

dissociative disorders

A

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

18
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

19
Q

positive symptoms schizophrenia

A

more likely to experience delusions. most likely in acute schizophrenia

20
Q

negative symptoms schizophrenia

A

may have an expressionless face and toneless voice. most likely in chronic schizophrenia

21
Q

what factors contribute to schizophrenia

A

abnormalities in brain structure and function, prenatal exposure to a maternal virus, high-risk environment

22
Q

personality disorders

A

inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning

23
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may even be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

24
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-caloric foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

25
Q

two disorders that are found worldwide

A
  1. Schizophrenia

2. Depression

26
Q

Susto

A

a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black magic. It is culture-specific to Latin America

27
Q

Why is the DSM-5 controversial?

A

critics suggest that the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behaviour

28
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression